Genus 6. 



FERN FAMILY. 



3. Polystichum scopulinum (D. C. Eaton) 

 Maxon. Eaton's Shield- fern. Fig. 35. 



Aspidium aculeatum var. scopulinum D. C. Eaton, 

 Ferns N. Am. 2: 125. pi. 62, f. 8. 1880. 



P. scopulinum Maxon, Fern Bull. 8: 29. 1900. 



Rootstock stout, ascending, with numerous cord- 

 like roots. Leaves 9/-17' long, the stipe 2'-s' 

 long, densely chaffy at the base with both broad 

 and narrow bright brown scales ; blades 6'-i2' 

 long, linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 1Y-2Y 

 broad, coriaceous, the chaff largely deciduous 

 from the rachis ; pinnae numerous, 7"-is" long, 

 4"-8" broad at the base, ovate, obtuse, the basal 

 portion pinnately lobed, the apical half serrate 

 with pointed or aculeate teeth, the lower pinnae 

 usually much reduced; sori near the midvein; 

 indusium large, somewhat lobed, glabrous. 



On rocky slopes, Washington to Idaho, Utah and 

 Southern California. Gaspe county, Quebec. 



4. Polystichum Braunii (Spenner) Fee. Braun's 

 Holly-fern. Prickly Shield-fern. Fig. 36. 



Aspidium Braunii Spenner, Fl. Frib. I : 9. 1825. 

 A. aculeatum var. Braunii Doell, Rhein. Fl. 21. 1843. 

 Polystichum Braunii Fee, Gen. Fil. 278. 1850-52. 

 Dryopteris aculeata var. Braunii Underw. Native Ferns, 



ed. 4, 112. 1893. 

 Dryopteris Braunii (Spenner) Underw. in Br. & Brown, 



111. Fl. ed. 1, 1 : 15. 1896. 



Rootstock stout, suberect. Stipes 4-5' long, chaffy 

 with both broad and narrow brown scales; blades 

 lanceolate, i°-2° long, herbaceous, 2-pinnate, the 

 rachis chaffy ; pinnae numerous, close, oblong-lanceo- 

 late, slightly broadest at the base, the middle ones 

 2A-4' long, the lower gradually shorter; pinnules 

 ovate to oblong, truncate and nearly rectangular at 

 the base, mostly acute, sharply toothed, beset with 

 long soft hair-like scales ; sori small, mostly nearer 

 the midvein than the margin ; indusium small, entire. 



In rocky woods, Nova Scotia to Alaska, to northern ' 

 New England, the mountains of Pennsylvania, to Michi- 

 • gan and British Columbia. Ascends to 5000 ft. in 

 Vermont. Aug. 



7. DRYOPTERIS Adans. Fam. PI. 2 : 20, 550. 1763. 



[Aspidium Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800 2 : 29, in part. 1801.] 



Mainly woodland ferns, commonly of upright habit, the fertile and sterile leaves usually 

 similar, not jointed to the rootstock. Blades 1-3-pinnate or dissected, with veins free in 

 northern species, uniting occasionally or even freely in some of the southern. Sori round or 

 rarely elliptical in outline, borne upon the veins, indusiate or non-indusiate, the indusium (if 

 present) in northern species orbicular- reniform, fixed at its sinus; sporanges numerous. 



A genus of several hundred species, widely distributed in the tropics, its limits variously 

 understood. Besides the following, some 13 species occur in the southern and western United 

 States. Type species : Polypodium Filix-mas L. 



Indusia present (§ Eudryopteris). 



Texture membranous ; veins simple or once forked. 

 Lower pinnae gradually and conspicuously reduced. 

 Lower pinnae scarcely reduced. 

 Veins once or twice forked. 

 Veins simple. 

 Texture firmer, sometimes subcoriaceous ; veins freely forked 

 Blades 2-pinnatifid or 2-pinnate ; segments not spinulose. 



Leaves small ; rachis commonly chaffy throughout. 4. D. fragrans. 



Leaves larger, iJ-£°-5° high; rachis naked or deciduously chaffy. 



2 



1. D. noveboracensis* 



2. D. Thelypteris. 



3. D. simulata. 



