Genus 9. 



PINE FAMILY, CONIFERS. 



67 



4. Juniperus horizontalis Moench. Shrubby 

 Red Cedar. Creeping Juniper. Fig. 157. 



Juniperus horizontalis Moench, Meth. 699. 1794. 

 Juniperus prostrate Pers. Syn. 2 : 632. 1807. 

 Juniperus Sabina var. procumbens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 

 647. 1814. 



A depressed, usually procumbent shrub, seldom more 

 than 4 high. Leaves similar to those of the preced- 

 ing species, those of young plants and the older twigs 

 of older plants subulate, spiny-tipped, those of the 

 mature foliage scale-like, appressed, 4-ranked, acute or 

 acuminate ; aments terminal ; berry-like cones light 

 blue; somewhat glaucous, 4" -5" in diameter, borne on 

 recurved peduncle-like branchlets of less than their own 

 length, 1-4-seeded. 



On banks, Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to 

 Massachusetts, northern New York, Minnesota and Mon- 

 tana. Has been confused with /. Sabina of Europe. 

 April-May. 



Family 2. TAXACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 316. 1836. 



Yew Family. 

 Trees or shrubs, resin-bearing except Taxus. Leaves evergreen or deciduous, 

 linear, or in several exotic genera broad or sometimes fan-shaped, the pollen-sacs 

 and ovules borne in separate clusters or solitary. Perianth wanting. Stamens 

 much as in the Pinaceae. Ovules with either one or two integuments ; when two, 

 the outer one fleshy, when only one, its outer part fleshy. Fruit drupe-like or 

 rarely a cone. 



About 10 genera and 75 species, of wide geographic distribution, most numerous in the 

 southern hemisphere. The Maiden-hair Tree, Ginkgo biloba, of China and Japan, with fan^shaped 

 leaves, is an interesting relative of the group, now much planted for ornament. 



i. TAXUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 1040. 1753. 



Evergreen trees or shrubs, with spirally arranged short-petioled linear flat mucronate 

 leaves, spreading so as to appear 2-ranked, and axillary and solitary, sessile or subsessile very 

 small aments ; staminate aments consisting of a few scaly bracts and 5-8 stamens, their fila- 

 ments united to the middle; anthers 4-6-celled. Ovules solitary, axillary, erect, subtended by 

 a fleshy, annular disk, which is bracted at the base. Fruit consisting of the fleshy disk which 

 becomes cup-shaped, red, and nearly encloses the bony seed. [Name ancient.] 



About 6 species, natives of the north temperate zone. Besides the following, another occurs 

 in Florida, one in Mexico and one on the Pacific Coast. Type species : Taxus baccata L. 



i. Taxus canadensis Marsh. American 

 Yew. Ground-hemlock. Fig. 158. 



Taxus baccata var. minor Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 



2: 245. 1803. 

 Taxus canadensis Marsh. Arb. Am. 151. 1785. 

 Taxus minor Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5 : 19. 



1893. 



A low straggling shrub, seldom over 5 high. 

 Leaves dark green on both sides, narrowly 

 linear, mucronate at the apex, narrowed at the 

 base, 6"-io" long, nearly 1" 'wide, persistent 

 on the twigs in drying; the staminate aments 

 globose, 1" long, usually numerous; ovules 

 usually few; fruit red and pulpy, .resinous, 

 oblong, nearly 3" high, the top of the seed not 

 covered by the fleshy integument. 



In woods, Newfoundland to Manitoba, south 

 to New Jersey, in the Alleghanies to Virginia, 

 and to Minnesota and Iowa. Ascends to 2500 

 ft. in the Adirondacks. April-May. Called also 

 Dwarf Yew, Shin-wood, Creeping Hemlock. 

 Very different from the European Yew, T. bac- 

 cata, in habit, the latter becoming a large forest 

 tree, as does the Oregon Yew, T. brevifolia. 



