334 



CYPERACEAE. 



Vol. I. 



21. Scirpus Fernaldi Bickwell. Fernald's 

 Bulrush. Fig. 821. 



S. Fernaldi Bicknell, Torreya 1 : 96. 1901. 



Perennial ; culms rather pale green, slender, sharply 

 3-angled, 2.V tall or less. Leaves i"-3" wide, the 

 upper equalling or surpassing the inflorescence, those 

 of the involucre 3 or 4, the longest one 5' long or 

 less; spikelets ovoid, s"-8" long, sessile in a termi- 

 nal cluster and solitary at the ends of the slender 

 umbel-rays; scales finely puberulent, acuminate, en- 

 tire or lacerate, the recurved awn "ii"-6" long; bris- 

 tles as long as the achene or shorter; style 3-cleft; 

 achene obovoid-cuneate, about ii" long and thick, 

 trigonous, with rounded angles, yellow-brown and 

 shining. 



Shore of Somes Sound, Mt. Desert, Maine. July-Aug. 



22. Scirpus novae-angliae Britton. New 

 England Bulrush. Fig. 822. 



5". novae-angliae Britton, in Britton and Brown, 111. 

 Fl. Ed. 1, 3: 509. 1898. 



Perennial by rootstocks ; culm stout, erect, 4°-7° 

 tall, sharply 3-angled, the sides flat or nearly so. 

 Leaves long, 4"-6" wide, somewhat roughish on 

 the margins when dry, the lowest reduced to 

 pointed sheaths, those of the involucre 2-5, the 

 longer of them much exceeding the inflorescence ; 

 spikelets narrowly cylindric, acute, i'-2' long, less 

 than i' thick, solitary or 2-5 together at the ends 

 of the rays of the umbel, the rays 1/-4' long; 

 scales awned; bristles 2-4, shorter than the gray- 

 ish-white dull obovate achene, which is distinctly 

 3-angled; stamens 3; style 3-cleft. 



In fresh water and brackish marshes, Massachu- 

 setts to New York. 



23. Scirpus sylvaticus L. Wood Bulrush or Clubrush. Fig. 823. 



Scirpus sylvaticus L. Sp. PI. 51. 1753. 



Perennial by long rootstocks; culm triangular, stout, 



smooth, 4°-6° tall, often overtopped by the upper 



leaves. Leaves flat, s"-8" wide, rough on the margins, 



more or less rugulose, the midvein prominent, those 



of the involucre 5-8, the larger similar to those of the 



culm, often 1° long or more ; umbel terminal, very 



large, sometimes 8' broad, about 3 times compound, the 



spikelets ovoid or ovoid-oblong, mostly acute, ii"-2i" 



long, borne in capitate clusters of 2-8 at the ends of 



the raylets ; bractlets of the involucels small, scarious, 



linear or lanceolate ; scales ovate-oblong, obtuse, brown 



with a green centre; bristles 6, downwardly barbed, 



slightly exceeding the achene ; stamens 3 ; style 3-cleft ; 



achene oblong, 3-angled, obtuse, nearly white, mucron- 



ulate, not shining. 



In swamps, Maine to Georgia and Michigan. Also in 

 Europe and Asia. June-Aug. 



