'Genus 18. 



SEDGE FAMILY. 



397 



no. Carex aurea Nutt. Golden-fruited Sedge. Fig. 977. 



Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. 2: 205. 1818. 



Glabrous, light green, culms very slender, erect or 

 reclining, 2'-i5' long, from slender,, elongated root- 

 stocks. Leaves flat, i"-2" wide, the basal equalling or 

 exceeding the culm; bracts similar to the culm-leaves, 

 the lower commonly much overtopping the spikes, 

 sheathing, -not dark-auricled ; terminal spike short- 

 stalked, staminate or slightly gynaecandrous; pistil- 

 late spikes 2-4, oblong or linear-oblong, erect and clus- 

 tered near the summit or the lower one distant, filiform- 

 stalked, loosely or somewhat compactly 4-20-flowered, 

 2"-io" long, about ii" thick; perigynia broadly obovoid 

 or subglobose, white or nearly white when young, be- 

 coming fleshy and translucent, golden yellow or brown 

 and about 1" in diameter when mature, many-nerved, 

 beakless, the orifice entire ; scales very variable, ovate, 

 membranous, blunt, acute, cuspidate or short-awned, 

 shorter than or the lower exceeding the perigynia ; stig- 

 mas mostly 2. 



In wet meadows, springs and on wet rocks, Newfoundland 

 to British Columbia, south to Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, 

 Michigan, Utah and California. Summer. 



in. Carex livida (Wahl.) Willd. Livid Sedge. Fig. 978. 



Carex limosa var. livida Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. 



(II.) 24: 162. 1803. 

 Carex livida Willd. Sp. PI. 4 : 285. 1805. 



Glabrous, very glaucous, phyllopodic, long-stolonif- 

 erous, culms slender, strictly erect, smooth, 6'-i4° 

 tall. Leaves 1" wide or less, involute or folded, usu- 

 ally shorter than culm; bracts narrow, short-sheath- 

 ing, usually short; staminate spike solitary, short- 

 stalked; pistillate spikes 1-3, 5"-i2" long, about 24" 

 thick, erect, approximate, sessile or short-peduncled, 

 oblong, densely 5-15-flowered or looser at the base, 

 the third, when present, distant or sometimes nearly 

 basal, stalked; perigynia oblong, very pale, nearly 2" 

 long, less than 1" thick, faintly nerved, straight, 

 beakless, narrowed to an entire orifice ; scales ovate, 

 obtuse or the lower subacute, rather shorter than 

 the perigynia, the margins colored; stigmas 3. 



In bogs, Labrador and Hudson Bay to Alaska, south 

 to Connecticut, the pine barrens of New Jersey, central 

 New York, Michigan and California. Also in Europe. 

 Summer. 



112. Carex panicea L. Grass-like Sedge. Car- 

 nation-grass. Fig. 979. 



Carex panicea L. Sp. PI. 977. 1753. 



Glabrous, pale bluish green and glaucous, phyllo- 

 podic, long-stoloniferous, culms slender, smooth, erect, 

 stiff, 6-2 tall. Leaves flat, i"-2" wide, the lower usu- 

 ally shorter than the culm; bracts short, long-sheath- 

 ing; staminate spike usually 1, its peduncle smooth; 

 pistillate spikes 2 or 3, distant, stalked or the upper 

 nearly sessile, erect, 1' or less long, 2i"-3i" thick, 

 closely or at base loosely 8-25-flowered ; perigynia 

 oblong-obovoid, 1I-2" long and about 1" in diameter, 

 slightly swollen and obscurely 3-angIed, yellow, purple 

 or mottled, faintly few-nerved, tipped with a very short 

 entire somewhat oblique beak; scales ovate, acute, pur- 

 ple or purple-margined, shorter than the perigynia; 

 stigmas 3. 



In fields and meadows, Nova Scotia to Connecticut. 

 Locally naturalized from Europe. Gilliflower-grass, Blue- 

 grass, Pink-leaved sedge. June-July. 



