Genus i. 



RUSH FAMILY. 



469 



7. Juncus maritirnus Lam. Sea Rush 



Juncus martimus Lam. Encycl. 3: 264. 1789. 



Stems 2o'-4o' high, i"-z" thick, erect from a stout 

 horizontal rootstock. Outer basal leaves reduced to 

 bladeless sheaths, the innermost foliose, with a long 

 terete stout blade about equalling the stem; leaf of the 

 inflorescence erect, sometimes i° long, sometimes 

 barely exceeding the panicle; panicle 3'S' high, its 

 branches stiff, erect; heads 2-6-flowered ; perianth 

 ii"-il" long, its parts green, lanceolate, with hya- 

 line margins, the outer acuminate, the inner a little 

 shorter; flowers perfect; stamens 6, two-thirds as long 

 as the perianth; filaments about as long as the anthers; 

 capsule li"-li" long, narrowly ovoid, acute, mu- 

 cronate, brown above, 3-celled, with thin placentae; 

 seed brown, about i" long, the body narrowly and 

 obliquely oblong, about I" in length, 20-30-ribbed, in- 

 distinctly reticulate, tailed at either end. 



Coney Island, New York, the station now, perhaps, de- 

 stroyed. Common on the coasts of the eastern hemi- 

 sphere. 



8. Juncus bufonius L. Toad Rush. Fig. 1173. 



Juncus bufonius L. Sp. PI. 328. 1753. 



Plant branching from the base, annual, erect, seldom 

 exceeding 8' in height, the stems in large plants with 

 I or 2 leaves below the inflorescence ; leaf-blade flat, 

 i"-h" wide, in low plants often much narrower and 

 filiform-involute; inflorescence about one-half as high 

 as the plant, with blade-bearing leaves at the lower 

 nodes; flowers inserted singly on its branches, in one 

 form fasciculate ; perianth-parts 2"-3i" long, lanceolate, 

 acuminate, equal; stamens usually 6, sometimes 3, 

 seldom half as long as the perianth; anthers shorter 

 than the filaments ; capsule about two-thirds as long 

 as the perianth ; narrowly oblong, obtuse, mucronate, 

 3-celled; seed broadly oblong, with straight tips, i"-i" 

 long, minutely reticulate in 30-40 longitudinal rows, 

 the areolae broader than long. 



A cosmopolitan species, occurring throughout North 

 America, except the extreme north, frequenting dried-up 

 pools, borders of streams and roadsides in clayey soil. Frog-, 

 Toad or Coe-grass. Salt-weed. 



9. Juncus trifidus L. Highland Rush. Fig. 1174. 



Juncus trifidus L. Sp. PL 326. 1733. 



Densely tufted, 4'-i2' high; stems closely set on a 

 stout rootstock, erect, about 1", thick; basal leaves 

 reduced to almost bladeless sheaths, the uppermost with 

 a rudimentary blade and fimbriate auricles; stem-leaf 

 1, inserted near the inflorescence, with a narrower 

 slender, flat or involute blade ; inflorescence a cluster 

 of 1-3 flowers, the lowest subtending bract similar to 

 the stem-leaf, the succeeding one much smaller or 

 wanting; perianth dark brown, ij"-if" long; stamens 

 6; anthers about as long as the filaments; capsule 

 equalling the perianth, coriaceous, 3-celled, obovoid 

 with a conspicuously mucronate-aristate top; seeds few, 

 narrowly obovoid, acute at the base, irregularly angled, 

 minutely striate both longitudinally and transversely. 



Greenland and Labrador, south on the higher moun- 

 tains of New England and New York to Sam's Point, N. Y, 

 and in North Carolina. Also in Europe and Asia. 



