502 



LILIACEAE. 



Vol. I. 



6. LILIUM L. Sp. PI. 302. 1753. 



Tall bulbous herbs, with simple leafy stems, and large erect or drooping showy flowers. 

 Perianth funnelform or campanulate, deciduous, of 6 separate spreading or recurved seg- 

 ments, each with a nectar-bearing groove at its base within. Stamens 6, mostly shorter 

 than the perianth, hypogynous, slightly attached to the segments; filaments filiform or 

 subulate; anthers linear, versatile, their sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 3-celled; ovules 

 numerous ; style long, somewhat club-shaped above ; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule oblong or 

 obovoid, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds numerous, flat, horizontal, packed in 2 rows in each 

 cavity. [Latin, from the Greek name of the Lily, said to be from the Celtic U, white.] 



About 45 species, natives of the north temperate zone. Besides the following, some 8 others 

 occur in western North America. Type species : Lilium candidum L. 

 Flower or flowers erect ; perianth-segments narrowed into long claws. 

 Perianth-segments merely acute. 



Leaves lanceolate, nearly all verticillate. 



Leaves narrowly linear, nearly all alternate. 2. 



Perianth-segments long-acuminate ; leaves all alternate, appressed. 3. 



Flowers drooping or spreading ; perianth-segments not clawed. 



Leaves or most of them verticillate, their axils not bulbiferous ; native aperies. 

 Leaves finely roughened on the veins beneath. 



Perianth-segments recurved or spreading. 4. 



Perianth-segments not recurved ; mountain species. 5. 



Leaves perfectly smooth ; perianth-segments recurved. 



Leaves lanceolate ; stem 3°-io° tall ; flowers 1-40. 6. 



Leaves oblanceolate ; stem 2°-%" tall ; flowers 1-3. 7. 



Leaves alternate, crowded ; upper axils bulb-bearing ; escaped from gardens. 8. 



L. philadelphicum. 

 L. umbellatum. 

 L. Catesbaei. 



L. canadense. 

 L. Grayi. 



L. superbum. 

 L. carolinianum. 

 L. tigrinum. 



i. Lilium philadelphicum L. Red Lily. 

 Wood Lily. Philadelphia Lily. Fig. 1255. 



Lilium philadelphicum L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 435. 1762. 



Bulb 1' in diameter or less, composed of nar- 

 row jointed fleshy scales. Stem i°-3° tall, with 

 a few distant scales below, leafy .above ; leaves 

 lanceolate, acute at both ends or the lower some- 

 times obtuse, 1-4' long, 3"-/' wide, all verti- 

 cillate in 3's-8's, or a few of them alternate, thin, 

 the margins finely roughened; flowers 1-5, erect, 

 2i'-4' high; perianth reddish orange, its seg- 

 ments spatulate, somewhat spreading, acute or 

 obtusish, the blade i'-i' wide, rather gradually 

 narrowed into the claw, purple spotted below; 

 capsule obovoid-oval, ii'-2' high; seeds 3"-4" 

 long, narrowly winged. 



In dry woods and thickets, Maine to Ontario, south 

 to North Carolina and West Virginia. Ascends to 

 4000 ft. in Virginia. Glade-, flame- or huckleberry- 

 lily. Wild orange- or tiger-lily. June-July. 



2. Lilium umbellatum Pursh. Western Red 

 Lily. Fig. 1256. 



L. andinum Nutt. Fras. Cat. Without description. 1813. 

 Lilium umbellatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 299. 1814. 

 L. lanceolatum Fitzpatrick, Iowa Nat. 2: 30. 1907. 



Bulb similar to that of the preceding species, the 

 stem usually more slender, i°-2° tall. Leaves linear, 

 blunt or the upper acute, ascending, or sometimes 

 appressed, l'-3' long, i"-2i" wide, all alternate or the 

 uppermost verticillate, their margins finely roughened; 

 flowers 1-3, erect, 2'-3' high; perianth segments red, 

 orange or yellow, narrowed into the claw, acute, spotted 

 below, the claw shorter than the blade ; capsule oblong, 

 3'-4' long, about 8" thick; seeds like those of L. Phila- 

 delphicum, of which species it may be a narrow-leaved 

 race. 



In dry soil, Ontario to Ohio, Minnesota, British Colum- 

 bia, Missouri, Arkansas and Colorado. Ascends to 4000 ft. 

 in the Black Hills. June-July. 



