Vill PREFACE. 
hope, on sending forth this second apilarian work 
which within three years he has made largely his 
own, that the accumulations herein from the studies 
and labours of others may have made of this 
volume a useful and trustworthy guide. More than 
this it would ill become him to assert, but if he 
has accomplished less than this it has at any rate 
not happened from lack of adequate pains. 
The first, though very far from the only source 
of his emendations, has very naturally been the 
volume on which his earlier labours were engaged. 
The additions made thereto by himself—comprising 
a large part of what is valuable in Von Berlepsch 
and Langstroth—as well as the materials gathered 
by Mr. Alfred Neighbour, have been freely ren- 
dered available for the present purpose, though 
never to the extent of even quoting his own words 
without acknowledgment. Besides this, there have 
been extensive researches made afresh in German 
authorities; other aid has been found in Mr. Shirley 
Hibberd’s ‘‘ Rustic Adornments,” and in several Eng- 
lish periodicals; and, lastly, there have been the in- 
valuable communications of the Rev. F. R. Cheshire 
and T. W. Cowan, Esq. The assistance rendered 
by both these gentlemen, though never involving 
their responsibility for a single statement not ex- 
pressly cited as from them, has imparted an appreci- 
able degree of accuracy and completeness to the 
treatment of more than one subject herein, and, both 
