46 THE BEE-KEEPER’S MANUAL. 
Bees obtained by judicious crossing have the pre- 
ference over the pure races.” Baron von Berlepsch 
highly praised the Lower Austrian aud not one 
besides; the Heath bees he most vehemently de- 
nounced. 
SWARMING (OR SINGLE HIVING) AND DEPRIVING 
SYSTEMS. 
The multiplication in the natural manner of fami- 
lies or colonies of bees is accomplished by the se- 
cession of a portion of the inhabitants of a stock- 
hive, which has become over-peopled, with insuffi- 
cient room for the breeding and storing departments. 
This act of emigration or swarming is sometimes an 
affair of expediency only; and by a timely enlarge- 
ment and decrease in the temperature of the hive 
it may often be prevented. As soon as warm weather 
sets in, a common-sized hive becomes crowded and 
heated to excess; and at length a separation of the 
family becomes a matter of necessity. In anticipation 
of this event, royal cells are constructed and tenanted 
for the rearing of young queens, for without these no 
swarming occurs. A crowded dwelling therefore natu- 
rally prompts to this preliminary; whilst, a large hive, 
on the contrary, has the effect of retarding the forma- 
tion of such cells, and the migration of which they 
are the precursor. In the words of Gelieu,* “In the 
swarming season the strong hives are almost entirely 
* See “The Bee-Preserver.” by Jonas Gelieu, translated from the 
French: Edinburgh, 1529. This valuable little work contains the 
substance of sixty-four years’ experience. 
