SUMMER MANAGEMENT. 173 
the combs run—in which direction all nives must 
be held during conveyance. With frame hives it is 
recommended to take two laths, not thick enough to 
cause an aperture that will permit the escape of a bee, 
and nail them across the tops of the frames (which 
must be fastened securely in position), and then to 
screw down the crown-board, or, still better, a sheet 
of perforated zinc, above these laths. For periods 
of prolonged confinement, as in the case of removals 
by rail, a material like canvas would be insecure, 
as the bees would eat it completely through. 
All experienced apiculturists know that no colony 
of bees thrives, or works so well, as one that is 
populous at the outset. Should any doubt exist on 
this point, it is often expedient to unite a second 
smaller swarm to the first, but this must only be 
attempted within a few days, before many combs are 
made, or mischief would result. Our recommenda- 
tion applies with greater force in a late season, or 
to the case of second swarms, which are rarely 
strong enough, separately, to collect sufficient winter 
stores. Of the mode of proceeding in effecting these 
junctions we shall hereafter speak, when treating of 
“Uniting Swarms,” under the section ‘Spring 
Management.” 
The plan originally designed in the Brs-Krrprr’s 
ManvaL supposes, as has before been intimated, an 
arrangement embracing directions for the manage- 
ment of an apiary “according to the order of 
the seasons.” Our legitimate commencement, there- 
fore, must practically date from the separate exist- 
ence of the recently established colony; noticing, 
