SUMMER MANAGEMENT. 189 
experienced bee-keepers object to supering in the 
case of a new colony, preferring to give the requisite 
room at the bottom, by means of a nadir; which 
often ensures abundance in the stock-hive—itself being 
removed in the autumn. Under the head “Swarming 
and Depriving Systems,” are some remarks as to 
the mode of using nadirs; as also under those of 
“Nadir Hive,” and ‘“ Nadiring Stocks.” 
As fast as the supers are filled, they should 
successively be removed, as directed under ‘ Autumn 
Management.” Indeed, after the main honey season 
is over, which is usually as soon as the dry July 
weather sets in, it is useless, in most localities, to 
give any further extension of working room; and, 
indeed, from the end of this month there is, under 
common circumstances, often rather a diminution 
than an increase of store. The supers will, in such 
cases, be wholly removed, and, if the weather is 
unfavourable, it may even be necessary to supply 
food. 
In proportion to the wealth of the colony is the 
determination of the bees to defend it; and their 
irascibility and vigilance are now greater than 
heretofore, the strongest stocks showing it the most. 
The work of the year being pretty well over, all 
their attention is turned towards home. They 
become more and more suspicious, and the less they 
are approached or annoyed the better; for they are 
slow to forget or forgive an injury. 
Bell-glasses.—As these are often formed, nothing 
can be more objectionable: inconveniently high and 
narrow, a few misshapen combs are all that can be 
