202 THE BEE-KEEPER’S MANUAL. 
its hinge). When, therefore, the honey is extracted 
from the outer sides of the two combs as thus placed, 
it is simply requisite to shift them in the directions 
shown by the curved lines and arrows, so that they 
take the respective positions of AD and Cb. This, 
it will readily be seen, will cause the sides previously 
inwards to be placed without, and the handle being 
again turned, the emptying of the combs will now 
be completed. This simple arrangement, in default 
of which the combs would require reversing inside 
their cases, is the principal advantage claimed for 
Mr. Cowan’s invention; while others are the sim- 
plicity of its construction and comparative impossibility 
of its getting out of order. Galvanised or tinned iron 
is the proper material for the cylinder, on account of 
its not affecting the honey. The price of 60s. is 
quoted by Mr. Lee, but those who care only for the 
plain essentials can get the instrument made much 
cheaper. 
Honey-Knives.—A difficulty sometimes arises in 
extracting the combs from common hives or boxes. 
A large spatula will separate them from the sides, 
but to detach them from the top, an instrument of 
a different kind is requisite. The one often pre- 
ferred is simply a bar of steel about fourteen inches 
in total length, half an inch wide, and an eighth of 
an inch thick. At one end it is bent at a right 
angle, so as to form a projection an inch and a 
half long, rather less than half an inch wide, and 
made spear-pointed, or lancet-shaped; sharp on 
both sides, to cut either way. The other end may 
have either a wooden handle, or another blade of 
