AUTUMN MANAGEMENT. 223 
nor yet repeated with the same bees (or the same 
queen) whenever it can be avoided. Particularly is 
this to be urged when tobacco is used—indeed, the 
Baroness von Berlepsch sets down the use of this 
drug as one among the superinducing causes of foul 
brood. Now the process of uniting colonies is one 
that is extensively accomplished without the stupe- 
fying process. One of these is described by Mr. 
Taylor in the following section, and another is 
regularly practised in the use of the Stewarton hive, 
with which, as we have seen, all that is done is to 
bring the two swarms into contact with each other 
in the night-time—a method, however, that would be 
unsafe with settled stocks. The editor may be 
allowed to quote some general observations on the 
subject, which were inserted by himself in the third 
edition of Neighbour’s ‘‘ Apiary,’ and founded, in 
the main, upon a number of detached remarks by 
Mr. Langstroth :— 
“After working hours is the best time for this opera- 
tion. It is not, however, altogether a simple one, as 
strange bees will not intermix unless measures are 
taken to overcome their natural hostility to each 
other. Whatever be the number of hives in an 
apiary, the bees of each know the smell of their 
own companions. A single bee that enters the 
wrong hive will be stung to death, unless possessed 
of a good booty wherewith to disarm animosity. 
Similarly on the admixture of entire colonies, if one 
has some distinct ground of advantage over the 
other, there must be a method hit upon to deprive 
it of this, or else to purchase its goodwill, for 
