243 THE BEE-KEEPER’S MANUAL. 
bottom, are previously removed; the hole in the 
pan being placed over the one below. This may be 
covered with a bell-glass, standing within the pan. 
As the exhalation rises from the bees below, it is 
condensed on the glass, and received, often in 
considerable quantity, in the pan. When there 1s 
no feeding pan, a bell-glass may 
be put within a circular leaden 
or zine trouch, having the centre 
open. The hole at the top of 
the glass may be stopped, openr- 
ing it occasionally on a fine 
= day, to allow the escape of 
vitiated air. The change of air 
in a hive, in mild, dry weather, 
is always conducive to health, till the early spring 
breeding begins, when caution against chill to the 
bees is needed. It is well to give to all hives or 
boxes a slight inclination forwards, as being useful 
in conveying away the moisture. 
We have not thought it advisable wholly to omit 
this direction of our author’s, but bec-masters of the 
present day do not regard it as more than partially 
remedying the evil. The largest bell-glass ever used 
in apiculture is much too small to collect the vapour 
often arising from the hive. A glass bar super or 
an observatory hive, similarly placed within a trouch, 
would meet the requirement far better; but as bee- 
keepers seldom keep many of these, we find Mr. 
Cowan recommending a simple (wooden) super of 
the same size as the hive. This, however, is only 
one of the expedients adopted either by him or by 
