WINTER MANAGEMENT. 247 
or bottle or other close covering), or between the 
combs, or even through the flight-hole, the bees 
being given full access to it in its dry state. Direc- 
tions for making this article will be found under 
“Spring Feeding”—that season (or strictly the latter 
part of winter) being the time in which it is more 
legitimately required. Liquid food, given at this 
time, would probably produce dysentery. 
Substitutes for Pollen.—Upon the first revival 
from their mid-winter inactivity, it will be of the 
utmost importance that a good supply of pollen is 
ready to the bees’ use, as it will tend greatly to 
forward the process of breeding, and therefore the 
entire progress of the hive. But, as mentioned on 
page 212, it is not advisable in the autumn to 
leave a very large stock of it in the hive, for any 
portion which is unconsumed by winter has a great 
tendency to spoil—that in the outer combs through 
mildew, and that in the inner through drying up. 
The requirements of the present season are there- 
fore better met by a substitute to be supplied by 
the bee-keeper, and which accordingly— intelligibly 
enough, though not very correctly—has been given 
the name of ‘artificial pollen.” Its use was first 
discovered, quite accidentally, by Dr. Dzierzon. 
Observing on an occasion that his bees were fre- 
quenting a neighbouring mill, he found on closer 
inspection that they were engaged in conveying from 
thence a quantity of rye meal. Deriving a hint 
from this discovery, he placed a trough of the meal 
in front of his apiary, and found it eagerly carried 
to the hives, the bees preferring it to old polien; 
