SPRING MANAGEMENT, 319 
day with a view to Italianising a stock. One method 
of carrying out this object has been detailed in the 
earlier part of this work under the heading “The 
Italian or Ligurian Bee;” but, as there notified, there 
ae simpler courses ready to hand than the one quoted 
from Mrs. Tupper. With regard, however, to the single 
point now under notice—that of introducing a new 
queen to a colony—the directions there given cover 
nearly a'l that is necessary. The old queen, where 
there is one, is first removed, and then the new one 
is encaged either in a home-made queen-cage like 
Mrs. Tupper’s on page 37, or in one such as Messrs. 
Neighbour’s figured on page 148, or again in one like 
that shown in the illustration 
annexed, which is known as the 
Raynor cage, from its designer, 
the Rev. G. Raynor, who im- 
proved it from one brought 
out by the ‘Renfrewshire Bee- 
Keeper.” It consists of a square 
tube of perforated zinc just large 
enough to fit between the combs, 
and which is provided with a door both above and 
below, and surmounted by a metal flange which 
enables it to be suspended from the bars of the frames 
or through a feed-hole. Mr. Raynor's own plan is to 
imprison the old queen first for some six hours, and 
then by opening the upper door to give her egress 
from the hive, and substitute her successor without 
so much as removing the cage from its position ; then 
when the new monarch has been thus detained for 
twenty-four hours—or to be on the safe side it may 
