STRANGLES 33 
/ REFERENCES 
1 
ANDREWS AND Horper. A study of the streptococci pathogenic for man. 
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STRANGLES 
Synonyms. Adenitis equorum; Coryza contagiosa equorum; 
Distemper; Gourme; Druse der Pferde. 
Characterization. Strangles is an acute infectious disease of 
horses, asses and their hybrids occurring sporadically and in epizo6- 
tics. It is characterized principally by a fever, followed by an acute 
catarrh of the mucosa of the upper air passages, especially of the 
nares, and a suppurative inflammation of the lymph glands of the 
submaxillary and pharyngeal regions. Streptococcus equi is present 
in the pus from the inflamed glands. It is a disease of young animals. 
Horses over 5 years of age are rarely attacked. It usually occurs 
between the ages of six months and two years. 
Nagg has observed a disease in cattle in which the symptoms and lesions were like 
those of strangles. Starcovici observed a condition in young swine that was character- 
ized by suppurating lumph glands about the head. Frohner refers to a rare affection 
of dogs which he designated “dog strangles.”’ In these cases the results of a careful 
bacteriological examination was not recorded and the diagnosis was based on the 
general symptoms and lesions. 
History. Strangles was among the first equine diseases to be 
recognized. In 1664, Solleysel states that it had been known for a 
long time. Its infectious (contagious) nature was determined 
experimentally in 1790 by Lafosse and since that time his findings 
have been confirmed by other investigators. In 1873, Rivolta found 
in the pus of the abscesses a micrococcus which appeared in chains of 
from three to five segments. The specific cause, Streptococcus equi, 
