SPECIFIC BIOLOGIC TREATMENT 37 
reported to suffer more severely from strangles than adult horses. 
It is recommended that young horses should be carefully protected 
against infection, notwithstanding the immunity that seems to follow 
recovery. All infected stables should be thoroughly and repeatedly 
disinfected. 
A number of attempts have been made to produce immunity against 
strangles but thus far they do not seem to be successful. Viborg and 
Toggia, a century ago, inoculated horses by rubbing in the nostrils 
discharges from cases of mild strangles for the purpose of producing 
a light attack of the disease followed by a resistance to natural infec- 
tion. Jess and Piorkowski tried to produce immunity with a “‘shake- 
extract of cultures of strangles streptococci.” Otto reports satisfac- 
tory results with its use in 694 horses. The use of killed cultures of 
streptococci, and mixtures of concentrated cultures and pleural 
exudates (aggressins) have been tried without success. 
Specific biologic treatment. Anti-strangles serums have been care- 
fully tested by Dassonville and Visgocqi, Jess and Piorkowski and 
others with not entirely satisfactory results. Gurmin, or Ruffel’s 
strangles serum, has been reported to be of considerable curative 
value. Cederberg found the use of serum of value in treating stran- 
gles in the Danish army horses. Vicchi and Gatti have made a serum 
that is used in Italy for treating strangles. There does not seem to be 
an efficient serum for the treatment of this disease. 
REFERENCES 
1. Boudeaud et Demé. Un curieux cas de gourme. Rev. Gén. de Méd. Vét. 
Vol. XVI, (1910), p 508. 
2. Lacnrerns. The etiology of equine influenza or infectious pneumonia, Jour. 
Compr. Path. and Therap., Vol. XI (1898), p. 312. Translated from Recueil de Méd. 
Vét., Vol. IV (1897). 
3. Ports. Die Mikrokokken der Druse der Pferde. Fortschr. der Med., Bd. Vol. 
(1888), S. 4. 
4. Reeks. Intra-cranial strangles abscess in a mare. Jour. Compr. Path. and 
Therap., Vol. XII (1899), p. 178. 
5. SAND AND JENSEN. Dic Aetiologie der Druse. Deutsche Zeit. fiir Thiermed., Bd. 
XIII (1888), S. 437. 
6. Scuurz. Der Streptococcus der Drus2 des Pferdes. Arch. ftir Thierkeilkunde 
Bd. XIV (1888), S. 172. 
