PREVENTION 39 
parenchyma which has undergone coagulation necrosis, and sur- 
rounded by a more or less well defined capsule of embryonic and 
further developed connective tissue cells and filaments. 
“On microscopic examination, the kidneys show slightly swollen 
epithelial cells of a beginning parenchymatous degeneration to well 
pronounced disintegration of the renal epithelium of acute nephritis. 
The degree of degeneration depends, as a rule, upon the course of the 
disease. If a bird succumbs suddenly or in the course of a few hours 
the morbid changes are either not apparent at all or but slightly pro- 
nounced, while, on the other hand, the duration of three or four days 
to a week results in an acute exudative nephritis. The swollen or 
degenerate epithelium of the tubules surrounds irregular masses of 
coagulated exudate and white blood corpuscles, among which are 
numerous short chains of streptococci. In very acute cases with 
sudden death the liver shows extreme hyperemia. The cells have a 
slightly granular appearance in addition to the fatty infiltration 
usually seen in the liver of well kept fowls. When death does not 
occur until after twenty-four hours the liver cells also show parenchy- 
matous or fatty degeneration; their outlines become indistinct, the 
body very granular, and the nucleus takes the stain but faintly. 
Interlobular and intralobular collections of round cells and leucocytes 
appear, and in more chronic cases centers of coagulation necrosis may 
be seen. The lungs become hepatized. The walls of the bronchioles 
are thickened and the streptococci may be seen in the minute capil- 
laries. The air cells are filled with plasma, red blood corpuscles and 
epithelium, among which the microdrganism is easily detected.” 
Magnusson reports the same lesions. 
Diagnosis. This affection must be diagnosed by the bacteriolo- 
gical examination of the blood and tissues. It is to be differentiated 
from fowl typhoid and chicken cholera. 
Prevention. The separation of the well fowls from the diseased 
ones and placing them in uninfected houses or yards is of the first 
importance. Norgaard and Mohler found that immunity may be 
produced by the filtrate or sterilized bouillon cultures and the serum 
of immunized animals. 
REFERENCES 
1. Macnusson. Apoplektiforme Septikemia bei Hiihnern. Sevensk veterindr 
Tidskrift. Bd. XV, S. 60. Ref. Ellenbergers Jahesbericht, 1910. ; 
v 2. Norcaarpanp Mouter. Apoplectiform septicemia in chickens. Bulletin No. 
U.S. Bureau of Animal Industry, 1902. 
