48 SWINE PLAGUE 
animals caused by members of the genus Pasteurella. Nocard and 
Leclainche accepted this grouping. Another illustration of grouping 
diseases due to closely related bacteria is found in tuberculosis. With 
a better knowledge of the specific organisms, the infectious diseases 
will undoubtedly be more generally studied in groups according to 
their etiology. 
REFERENCES 
CHAMBERLAND ET Jovan. Les Pasteurella. Annales de L’ institut Pasteur, Vol. 
XX (1906), p. 81. 
LieniEReEs. Contribution d I’ étude et & la classification des septicémies hémorrhagiques, 
Buenos-Ayres, 1900, p. 8. 
Nocarp. Les Pasteurelloses. Lecon faite d l'Institut Pasteur. Revue générale 
Médecine vétérinaire, T. II, (1903,) p. 188. 
SWINE PLAGUE* 
Synonyms. Infectious pneumo-enteritis; Pasteurellosis suis; Pas- 
teurellose du porc; Septicemie du re Pneumonie contagieuse du pore; 
Schweineseuche. 
Characterization. Swine plague is an infectious disease of swine 
occurring sporadically and in enzodtics. It appears usually as a 
septicemia, or a pneumonia in which there is marked consolidation of 
the ventral and cephalic lobes and the cephalic portion of the principal 
lobe of one or both lungs. There may or may not be pleuritis. 
There may be marked changes in the intestine, consisting of super - 
ficial necrosis of the mucosa especially the ileum and cecum. On 
this account it has been considered an infectious pneumo-enteritis. 
Petechial hemorrhages in the kidney and on the heart have been 
observed. 
History. In 1886, Smith found in a pig in the state of Illinois a 
disease which differed from hog cholera, and from the lesions he 
isolated a bacterium identical with that of Schweineseuche. Later 
other cases of this disease were found not only in the state of Illinois 
but in various places in the eastern part of the United States. In 
1885, Loeffler had described the cause of an infectious pneumonia in 
swine (Schweineseuche) and had differentiated it from swine erysipe- 
las. The first publication on this disease in the United States is in the 
Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1886. 
*For an explanation of the confusion existing concerning the nomenclature of 
swine plague and hog cholera see hog cholera. 
