60 HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA IN CATTLE 
obtained an organism belonging to the Bacillus septicemiae hemor- 
rhagicae group of bacteria. In 1889, Jensen described a similar 
disease affecting calves in Jutland. In the same year Piot reported 
the presence of “barbone”’ in the buffaloes and domestic cattle in 
Egypt. In some districts 40 per cent. of the horned cattle are said to 
have died in a single year. It is reported as being more prevalent 
in the wet season. 
In 1890, Van Ecke described a hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle in 
Dutch India, particularly in Java, the lesions of which were similar 
to those first described by Bollinger. The specific organism was 
virulent for rabbits, mice, turtle doves, calves, horses and swine; 
sheep and asses were almost immune. In the following year Galtier 
described the same disease imported from Algiers to Lyons. A num- 
ber of other investigators have studied and reported cases of this 
disease. In 1890, Nocard isolated from cases of broncho-pneumonia 
in American cattle landed at La Villette, France, an organism similar 
to that described as the cause of septicemia hemorrhagica. In 1896, 
Smith called attention to a similar organism which he found in cases 
of sporadic pneumonia in cattle. These cases have been referred to 
as the pectoral form of the disease. As early as 1891, Smith published 
the discovery of the presence of an organism, morphologically and in its 
cultural characters identical with that of swine plague, in the upper 
air passages of healthy swine. The same year Moore reported the 
presence of a like organism in the upper air passages of cattle, 
horses, sheep, dogs and cats. The following year, Fiocca described 
a pathogenic bacterium resembling that of rabbit septicemia in 
the saliva of healthy cats and dogs. 
Hueppe proposed the name Bacillus septicemiae hemorrhagicae 
for this group of organisms and septicemia hemorrhagica for the 
disease they produce. Ligniéres has designated the diseases caused 
by this group as Pasteurelloses. While there may be objections to 
this unifying name, there seems to be no serious reason for not accept- 
ingit as a working hypothesis. In 1898, Fennimore described under 
the name of “Wild and Cattle Disease” a malady occurring in Eastern 
Tennessee. Its serious nature caused an investigation to be made 
by the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. Norgaard, who 
assisted in this investigation, recognized it as the same disease as 
that described by Bollinger in 1878. Fennimore states that it has 
occurred to a considerable extent in his practice. In 1901, it was 
carefully studied by Wilson and Brimhall for the Minnesota State 
