HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA IN CATTLE 65 
or less congested and covered with a frothy mucus, sometimes 
streaked with blood. In some instances no lesions are observable in 
these organs. The lungs, except in the pectoral form, are in general 
almost free from lesions. Occasionally there are a small number of 
hemorrhagic areas, pyramidal in shape with their bases on the pleura. 
In most cattle the parietal pleura is studded with small hemorrhages. 
The diaphragm sometimes contains very large hemorrhagic areas. 
In the pectoral form of the disease there is a broncho-pneumonia 
together with interlobular edema. The edematous fluid is usually 
elear but rich in the specific organisms. 
The pericardial sac usually shows small, sometimes very numerous, 
hemorrhages in the walls, and in many instances contains a blood- 
stained serum. 
The heart walls, with but few exceptions, contain ecchymoses and 
petechiae. These sometimes extend deep into the muscle. Similar 
areas of hemorrhage are also visible in the endocardium. The heart 
usually contains post-mortem blood clots. 
The blood, in animals just dead, is said to be somewhat lighter than 
normal in color. When post-mortem changes set in, the blood is 
darker in color, but reddens on exposure to the air. 
The spleen shows on its surface a few small hemorrhagic areas. 
It is usually normal in size, color and consistency. 
Stomatitis and glossitis are rarely observed. The pharynx is 
usually congested. 
The stomach walls contain a few or many hemorrhagic areas. 
These are sometimes extremely large, especially on the third stomach. 
As a rule the larger hemorrhages penetrate the entire thickness of the 
walls. The smaller ones are confined to the subserous or mucous 
coats. The stomach contents are apparently normal. 
The intestinal walls are constantly affected. Hemorrhagic areas 
involving all the coats are frequently present. Smaller ones, visible 
only from the inner or outer surface, are always present. General 
enteritis and peritonitis are constantly observed. Localized enteritis 
is frequent. 
The bowel contents are in some cases dark and tarry; in others the 
feces are apparently normal in color and consistency but streaked 
with bloody mucus. 
The kidneys are usually but slightly affected. When lesions are 
present they consist of pin point hemorrhages and mostly confined to 
