82 FOWL TYPHOID 
however, this warfare becomes very conspicuous, owing perhaps to 
the increased number of the colorless cells. Up to the present the 
study of these corpuscles has not been extended beyond the observa- 
tion of the general appearance of these structures, and no attemptis 
made to explain the apparently marvelous increase in the number of 
the leucocytes. It is an interesting and as yet unexplained fact that 
the increase in the corpuscles is apparently restricted to those con- 
taining the spindle-shaped bodies. 
Diagnosis. Fowl typhoid is diagnosed by the symptoms, 
lesions and the finding of Bact. sanguinarium in the organs. It is to 
be differentiated from intestinal disturbances, especially diarrhea 
and fowl cholera. 
A comparison of the important changes in the morbid anatomy 
in fowl] cholera, as described by European writers, and in the disease 
under consideration, can be made from the appended columns, in 
which their more characteristic lesions are contrasted: 
LESIONS IN FOWL CHOLERA LESIONS IN FOWL TYPHOID 
1. Duration of the disease from a few 1. Duration of the disease from a few 
hours to several days. hours to several days. 
2. Elevation of temperature. 2. Elevation of temperature. 
8. Diarrhea. 3. Diarrhea not common. 
4. Intestines deeply reddened. 4. Intestines pale. 
5. Intestinal contents liquid, muco- 5. Intestinal contents normal in con- 
purulent, or blood stained. sistency. 
6. Heart dotted with ecchymoses. 6. Heart usually pale and dotted with 
grayish points. due to cell infiltra- 
tion. 
7. Lungs affected, hyperemic or pneu- 7. Lungs normal, excepting in modified 
monic. cases. 
8. Specific organisms appear in large 8. Specific organisms comparatively 
numbers in the blood and organs. few in the blood and organs. 
9. Blood pale (cause not determined). 9. Blood pale, marked diminution in 
the number of red corpuscles. 
Attention should be called to the fact that as yet there seems not 
to have been a careful study of the condition of the blood in fowl 
cholera. Salmon observed many changes which may have been 
similar to or identical with those herein recorded. Ward found an 
increase in the number of white corpuscles and in some cases a decrease 
in the number of red ones in cases of fowl cholera. 
