FOWL TYPHOID 83 
The difference between the specific organisms of these two diseases 
can readily be appreciated by a comparison of the more diagnostic 
properties of each; they are arranged in parallel columns, as follows: 
BACTERIUM OF FOWL CHOLERA BACTERIUM SANGUINARIUM 
Bacterium short, with oval ends. 1. Bacterium short, with ends oval or 
more pointed. 
It usually appears singly in tissues. 2. It usually appears in pairs united 
end to end or in clumps in tissues. 
Ordinarily it exhibits a polar stain 3. It gives a light center, with uni- 
(from tissue). formly stained periphery (from 
tissue). Rarely a polar stain is 
observable. 
Grows feebly or not at all on gelatin. 4. Decided growth on alkaline gelatin. 
It does not change milk. 5. Saponifies milk.. 
Resists drying from one to three 6. Resists drying from eight to twelve 
days. days. 
Kills rabbits inoculated subcutane- 7. Kills rabbits inoculated intraven- 
ously in from eighteen to twenty- ously in from three to five days. 
four hours. Rabbits inoculated subcutane- 
: ously remain well or die in from 
six to ten days. 
It kills fowls when injected sub- 8. It does not kill fowls when injected 
cutaneously in small quantities. subcutaneously in small quanti- 
ties. 
While there are many similarities in the symptomatology of these 
two diseases, there are pronounced differences in the morbid anatomy 
and in the specific microérganisms. These facts render positive 
differentiation dependent upon a careful bacteriological and pathologi- 
cal examination. In fowl cholera the course of the disease is more 
rapid than in fowl typhoid. 
Prevention. Prompt isolation of the well from the sick fowls and 
thorough disinfection of the houses and yards. 
In reference to preventing its introduction, Curtice makes the 
following observation: 
“Inasmuch as one possible method of introducing the disease is 
through purchases, it will always be necessary for purchasers to 
inquire into the history of the flock from which additions are to be 
made, and especially to examine into the condition of the fowls. It 
is better in any case to keep new purchases by themselves for some 
weeks or until it is apparent that they are healthy.” 
