ANTHRAX 3 97 
causing them to swell and preventing the fluid from reentering the 
circulation. This gives rise to the edematous swellings. The sub- 
cutis may be sprinkled with ecchymoses. Frequently there are 
gelatinous effusions of a rather firm consistency and of varying size. 
The color also differs, ranging between a deep yellow and a yellowish 
brown. Often these edematous areas are sprinkled with hemorrhagic 
foci. A simple serous edema may occur. 
The lymphatic glands may be hemorrhagic, edematous or both. 
An edema of the connective tissues of the neck or about the trachea 
is often very marked. 
The muscles vary in color but usually they are darker than normal, 
and, like the skin, they often become sprinkled with ecchymoses. The 
heart muscle suffers from parenchymatous changes. 
In the larger cavities of the body, a sanguinolent fluid is found in 
moderate quantities. Blood extravasations of different sizes are 
seen under the serous membranes, particularly on the mesentery and 
mediastinum. The subserous connective tissue, especially on the 
mesentery, anterior mediastinum and in the neighborhood of the 
kidneys, is often infiltrated with a gelatinous substance. On this 
account the neighboring lymph glands are considerably swollen, filled 
with serum and sprinkled with hemorrhages. The internal organs 
contain a large quantity of blood. All the larger veins and the heart 
are filled, while the surrounding tissues show sanious imbibition. 
The spleen is usually considerably enlarged (two to five times its 
normal size), either uniformly or by prominent tumor-like protuberan- 
ces. The pulp is soft, more or less fluid, and stained a dark-red color. 
The capsule is always very tense. It is frequently sprinkled with 
ecchymoses. Occasionally this organ is slightly affected. 
The liver and kidneys are highly congested and somewhat enlarged. 
The parenchyma contains areas of blood infiltration and the cells 
themselves manifest various kinds of degeneration. The portal 
lymph glands often appear to be enlarged, and the retroperitoneal 
tissue may be infiltrated with a serous, gelatinous fluid. The sub- 
peritoneal tissue of the intestines and of the abdominal walls may be 
similarly affected. 
The nature of the lesions of the intestinal canal varies according as 
the disease is intestinal anthrax, or anthrax caused by inoculation. 
In case of inoculation anthrax, the intestine is frequently normal. In 
other cases there may be submucous and subserous hemorrhages, or 
swelling of the mesentric glands. The principal changes in intestinal 
