98 ‘ ANTHRAX 
anthrax are always found in the small intestine, chiefly in the duo- 
denum. In the milder cases of intestinal anthrax the mucous mem- 
brane is affected by circumscribed or diffuse swellings. The bacteria 
are often found in very large numbers on the surface of the mucous 
membrane. Necroses and ulcers appear in those parts where the 
bacteria are most thickly congregated. In very severe cases, the 
abomasum or the true stomach may be affected with a gelatinous and 
sanious infiltration of the mucous membrane. The mucosa of the 
abomasum, and especially of the duodenum, is, in consequence of 
excessive hyperemia, dark-red or almost black, and is covered with 
erosions and ulcers or necroses, which may extend down to the sub- 
mucosa. The contents of the intestine are bloody, and the submucosa 
is infiltrated with a serous, gelatinous, or hemorrhagic exudate, so 
that the mucous membrane often projects in the form of large tumors 
into the lumen of the intestine. On the site of Peyer’s patches and the 
solitary follicles we may find flat or prominent nodules, the surface of 
which are covered with diphtheritic crusts. 
The lungs are greatly congested, edematous and show areas of 
ecchymoses. The entire respiratory mucous membrane is consider- 
ably reddened and ecchymotic. The mucous membrane of the 
pharynx and opening of the larynx is often so edematous that stenosis 
of the larynx takes place. The contents of the trachea and the bronchi 
consist mostly of bloody froth or mucus. 
The brain is often studded with ecchymoses. The surface of its 
membranes often exhibits hemorrhages with an accumulation of 
sanious serum in the ventricles. Extravasations of blood sometimes 
occur in the anterior chamber of the eye and under the retina. All 
the other organs may contain hemorrhages, and the urine frequently 
contains blood. 
The blood is usually dark. It has a tarry or varnish-like lustre, 
and shows little tendency to coagulate. It does not assume its normal 
red color when exposed to the air. Burnett studied the blood of a 
few cases of anthrax in 1904. The appended tables are taken from 
the results of his examinations. 
