114 GLANDERS 
In nodular glanders, which is the common form, the lesions are 
most frequently situated on the upper portion of the nasal septum and 
in the cavities of the turbinated 
bones. The affection begins with 
the appearance of nodules vary- 
ing in size from a grain of sand 
to a millet seed. They are more 
or less translucent, of a roundish 
or oval shape, and of adirty gray 
or grayish-red color. The nod- 
ules, which may attain to the 
maximum size of a pea, project 
somewhat above the surface of 
the mucous membrane. They 
are surrounded by a reddish ring. 
Some of them are isolated and 
others are arranged in groups. 
Microscopically they consist of 
a large number of lymphoid cells, 
which disintegrate in the centre 
of the nodule. In consequence 
of the central fatty and purulent 
degeneration, the nodules become 
yellowish in color, discharge and 
form ulcers. These ulcers are 
sometimes superficial, sometimes 
deep, lenticular or crateriform, 
surrounded by a hard, indurated 
edge, and frequently becoming 
confluent, with irregularly ser- 
rated and eroded edges. They 
are sometimes covered with a 
brownish crust. The ulcers may 
increase in area or in depth and 
may even involve the underlying 
cartilage or bone, causing per- 
foration of the septum nasi, and 
distensions of the maxillary or 
exostoses on the turbinated bones. 
The shallow lenticular ulcers may 
heal without Jeaving any visible 
Fic. 10. NASAL SEPTUM SHOWING ULCERS. 
