116 GLANDERS 
serrated scars are occasionally found. In addition to the ulcers, 
a catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane is very apt to 
be present. , 
Diffuse glanders manifests itself as a diffuse catarrh of the 
mucous membrane of the nasal and neighboring cavities, with 
superficial ulceration, thrombosis of the veins, inflammatory in- 
filtration of the submucosa, considerable thickening of the mu- 
cous membrane and the formation of a peculiar, radiating cicatrix. 
Both the nodular and infiltrated forms are found in the lungs. 
In the nodular form, the lungs contain nodules* varying in size 
from a millet seed to a pea. They are gray by transmitted light, 
glassy and pearl gray by reflected light, and are surrounded by a con- 
gested or a hemorrhagic ring. The center of the nodule shows a pale 
» 
Fie. 13. GLANDERS ULCERS IN THE TRACHEA (A) PERFORATION. 
(AFTER JOEST.) 
yellow point in consequence of caseation and disintegration of the 
innermost cells. These nodules are of different sizes, of varying 
numbers, and of different ages. The formation of a capsule by a con- 
nective tissue membrane is induced by a reactive inflammation in the 
tissue surrounding the nodule. The nodules may be of an embolic 
origin, situated principally in the periphery of the lung, their structure 
being the same as that of the nodules in the nasal mucosa. Some- 
times the lung nodules represent lobular pneumonic foci, in which the 
alveoli are filled with red and white blood corpuscles and with des- 
*Nocard showed that when glandered horses are treated with mallein, a certain pro- 
portion of them recover, in which case nodules that are present in the lungs cease to 
contain living bacteria, a fact he has fully proved by inoculation. On postmortem 
examination the nodules may be readily felt by passing the hand with firm pressure 
over the surface of the lung, which, when badly diseased, will feel like a bag full of shot 
or peas. 
