124 GLANDERS 
takes place in from two to four weeks. In other instances, the 
disease becomes chronic, lasting for months or years. Bact. mallet 
has been found in the blood in cases of acute glanders. The positive 
diagnosis depends on the possibility of infection having taken place, 
on inoculation in guinea pigs, the proof of the presence of Bact. 
mallei or positive results with sera tests. Treatment is usually of no 
avail. The only hopeful cases are those that are purely local in their 
manifestation. A few of these are reported to have been cured by 
applying deep cauterization. 
Diagnosis. Glanders is to be diagnosed by the symptoms, lesions, 
cause and specific reactions of which there are several. In somewhat 
“typical” and advanced cases the diagnosis may be very accurately 
made from the manifestations. The positive diagnosis, however, 
must be made from the identification of Bact. mallet, or from one or 
more of the specific tests. In the dead animal the histology of the 
lesions may reveal the nature of the disease. 
Lesions. The lesions exhibited in a living animal are not suffi- 
ciently characteristic to positively identify the disease in very many, 
if in any, cases. The histological structure of the nodules may, how- 
ever, enable one to do so. 
Bacteriological examinations. The examination of the lesions for 
Bact. mallet can be made by cultures or guinea pig inoculation. In 
case of nodules in internal organs cultures on acid-glycerine agar or 
bouillon or on potato are quite satisfactory. 
Animal inoculation. Male guinea pigs should be used. The 
material for inoculation usually consists of the nasal discharge from 
the suspected glandered horse, bits of scrapings from the ulcers, or 
pieces of other diseased tissue may be injected subcutaneously or into 
the abdominal cavity. The first symptom of glanders noticed is 
usually orchitis. The lymphatic glands in the groin are also enlarged. 
After the orchitis becomes well advanced, the guinea pig may be 
chloroformed and examined. Pure cultures of the specific organism 
can be obtained in most cases from the suppurating foci in the testicle. 
The spleen is usually enlarged and sprinkled with grayish nodules. 
Other organs may be involved. The diagnosis by the inoculation of a 
male guinea pig is known as the Strauss method. It is important to 
note that the orchitis alone is not sufficient to make a positive diag- 
nosis but the specific organism must be found and identified. 
Mallein. Mallein is prepared in the same way as tuberculin. It 
was used by Kaling and Helman independently as a diagnostic agent. 
