GLANDERS 125 
It consists of the glycerinated bouillon in which the glanders bacteria 
have grown and in which are the products resulting from their 
multiplication. It has a somewhat fetid odor. Mallein is applied in 
two ways, namely, subcutaneously and on’ the conjunctiva. The 
latter is called the ophthalmic method. 
Subcutaneous method. In applying mallein the horse is injected 
usually in the neck with from 0.5 to 2 cc. of mallein, the quantity 
depending upon the degree of concentration. If a concentrated 
mallein is used it should be diluted with a 1 per cent. carbolic acid 
solution to at least 2. cc. The reaction is as follows. In a few hours 
there forms at the place of injection a hot, inflammatory swelling. 
It is very painful and in case of glanders quite large. From all sides 
of the swelling there may radiate wavy lines consisting of swollen 
lymphatics, hot and painful when touched, extending toward the 
adjoining glands. When the mallein injection is made aseptically, 
this swelling never suppurates, but it may increase in size during a 
period of from 24 to 36 hours and persists for several days, when it 
gradually diminishes and finally disappears at the end of eight or ten 
days. With the appearance of the local swelling the patient becomes 
dull and dejected, the eyes have an anxious expression, the coat is 
lusterless, the flanks contracted, the respiration hurried and the 
appetite isimpaired. Frequent shudders are observed to pass through 
the muscles of the fore legs and sometimes the trunk is subject to 
violent convulsive movements. The most active and fractious horses 
become listless and indifferent to their surroundings. These general 
phenomena constitute what the French call the “organic reaction,” 
but they are not always so clearly marked. Differences in their 
intensity are observed but they are never completely absent. 
The temperature reaction seldom fails to show itself. In about 
eight hours after the injection the temperature of a glandered horse 
gradually rise 1.5°, 2° or 2.5° F., and even more above the normal. 
The rise in temperature usually attains its maximum between the 
tenth and twelfth hour, occasionally not till the fifteenth, and more 
rarely not until about the eighteenth hour. An important fact to 
note is that the reaction called forth in glandered horses by the injec- 
tion of mallein persists for from 24 to 48 hours and in some cases the 
temperature remains above the normal for an even longer time. In 
practice it is advisable to take the temperature of the suspected 
animals two or three times before the injection of the mallein, and 
every two hours, beginning at the eighth and going to the twentieth 
