GLANDERS 143 
segregated, worked together in pairs, or singly and watered from 
individual buckets only, it is safe to keep and use them until 
physical symptoms develop when they should be promptly destroyed. 
This opinion is entertained because many horses appear eventually to 
recover that give a reaction to a specific test. 
Glanders has undoubtedly been spread by reacting animals that 
have been brought into a community where they developed symptoms, 
became spreaders and transmitted the virus to healthy horses. 
Among the causes for the spread of glanders are the common watering - 
trough*, the interchange of feeding bags and the retention of open 
cases of the disease. Great care should be taken to protect healthy 
horses against each and every channel of infection. 
Immunization. Marxer found that heat sterilized virus has never 
given any satisfactory immunizing results. Experiments with 
glanders bacteria treated with 80% glycerine or 10% urea, first used 
by Levy, Blumenthal and Marxer, have been more satisfactory. 
The organisms treated by these substances give a product called 
**Farase.”” 
According to Marxer it is prepared by shaking glanders bacteria in 
a concentration of 0.1 gm. of the bacteria to 4 cc. of a 10% urea 
solution for seventeen hours at 37° C. This process kills the organ- 
isms. “‘Farase’” has been used with considerable success in the 
experimental immunization of cats, guinea pigs and horses against 
glanders. He tried ‘“‘Farase”’ on horses that were exposed to glanders 
under natural conditions with promising results. Dediulin has used 
it with success. 
A large Russian breeding establishment where upwards of 3000 horses were con- 
stantly kept and where during the harvest season 10,000 peasant horses were hired and 
stabled was selected in, which to try the immunization experiment. During the year 
1909, 276 horses had died of glanders. 
_ Six hundred horses were selected and injected with “Farase.” As a result of this 
work the following facts were noted: 
One year and four months after the immunization none of the treated horses devel- 
oped the disease, while during this time 14 new animals not treated with “Farase” 
which were kept with these died of glanders. In the meantime the treated horses were 
tested with mallein without obtaining any reactions. 
*Dr. Luckey reports great success in the control of glanders in Missouri by eliminat- 
ing the open watering fountains and providing hydrants where drivers can draw water 
for their horses in individual buckets. He states, “It is impossible ; to control 
glanders among horses which ere watered out of a common trough or basin.” Monthly 
Bulletin, Sept., 1914. Missouri State Board of Agriculture. 
