146 TUBERCULOSIS 
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TUBERCULOSIS 
Synonyms. Consumption; pearl disease; grapes; phthisis; 
scrofula; tabes; “The great white plague.” 
Characterization. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease of man 
and domesticated animals. Cattle and swine suffer most, but, under 
favorable conditions, all species including fish and amphibians are 
attacked. It is a disease of slow development, involving either 
- primarily, or in association with other organs, the lymphatic system. 
It is characterized in the beginning by the formation of small, non- 
vascular nodules, or tubercles which have a tendency to central 
degeneration. It destroys life by a chronic and long continued 
systemic poisoning and by the destruction of tissue in organs neces- 
sary to life. It is caused by Bacterium tuberculosis. 
History. Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases affecting cattle 
of which there are identifying records. It seems to have been known 
to the Jewish people during their Egyptian captivity and the ecclesias- 
tical laws for many centuries contained numerous enactments against 
the consumption of flesh from tuberculous animals. In 1370, it was 
forbidden in Munich to have on sale the flesh of animals affected with 
tuberculosis. A number of other cities passed similar ordinances. 
In 1702, Florinus described the disease and emphasized the then 
existing opinion that it was identical with syphilis. This led to the 
practice of destroying all tuberculous animals. In 1783, the Berlin 
Board of Health rejected the theory of the connection of tuberculosis 
