TUBERCULOSIS 161 
ventral and cephalic lobes. It is important to note that usually the 
bronchial glands are also involved. When the pleure are affected 
the lesions consist of nodules varying in size from that of a millet 
seed to a large pea, sprinkled more or less thickly on one or both of the 
visceral or parietal surfaces. These form the “pearl disease,” Perl- 
sucht, of the German and the “grape disease” of the English writers. 
If they become confluent, large masses are found. Jcest and Mar- 
janen found that in serous tuberculosis in cattle, there are produced 
non-specific inflammatory new formations which become infected 
with tubercle bacteria and result in the formation of the “pearl” 
nodules. 
Tuberculosis of the thoracic glands is very common and usually 
accompanies lesions in the lungs; but the lungs may be healthy and 
the glands involved. (See figures for location of glands.) The 
primary lesions may be and often are found in the lymphatic glands 
about the head. 
In rare cases the lesions are found in the mucous membrane of the 
trachea. In these cases the mucosa is often wrinkled. In some 
cases very small lesions are found discharging into a bronchus. 
In the abdominal cavity the organs most frequently involved are 
the peritoneum, mesenteric lymph glands, portal lymph glands and 
liver. The kidneys, spleen, ovaries and uterus are more rarely the 
seat of tuberculous lesions. Ulcers in the intestine have not been 
common in the writer’s observation. The ulcers in the cases observed 
have been isolated with elevated borders and a depressed center. 
Sections show that the tuberculous infiltration extends outward and to 
a certain extent undermines the mucosa. Tuberculosis of the testes 
is sometimes found. The udder becomes the seat of tuberculous 
deposits in a small percentage of cases. It is more often affected in 
cases of generalized tuberculosis. M’Fadyean finds udder tuberculo- 
sis in from 1 to 2 % of the cows; Poels 0.9%; Vallée and Villejean 
5.3 to 6.5%; and Bergman 3.5%. 
When the primary infection is restricted to a single focus the disease 
is said to be localized. When the specific bacteria are spread from 
the primary lesions through the agency of the lymph and blood 
streams, sprinkling other organs with the infecting bacteria, each 
of which becomes the starting point for the development of a 
new tubercle, the disease has become generalized.* 
*The Federal meat inspection regulations state that animals affected with “extensive 
or generalized tuberculosis’ are to be condemned. 
