TUBERCULOSIS 169 
methods of treatment, including exposure to cold, or kind of food and 
drink which would tend to modify the temperature, should be avoided. 
Animals in which the disease is far advanced sometimes fail to react. 
“The dose should vary to correspond with the weight of the animal. 
The dose for an adult cow of average weight is 0.25 cc. of the concen- 
trated Koch tuberculin. In cases of a second test within a few weeks 
the quantity of tuberculin injected should be larger than for the first 
test.”’ 
In cattle, there is a marked variation in the normal daily tempera- 
ture. A fluctuation of two or even three degrees within 24 hours is 
reported. Cold water when drunk in considerable quantities lowers 
the temperature from one to four degrees. A temporary excitement 
usually causes an elevation of from 1 to 1.5° F. There are also marked 
variations in the temperature of the same animal on consecutive 
days. ‘The temperature at 12 noon and 12 midnight are often the 
same. In some cases the maximum elevation for the day occurs near 
midnight and on the following day the minimum temperature appears 
at that time. It is not uncommon for the maximum temperature 
to occur twice in the same day and occasionally several times within 
the twenty-four hours. There are marked individual variations in 
the effect of ordinary conditions upon the temperature, such as food, 
excitement or temperature of the air. A hot spell often causes a rise 
of one or more degrees. The average temperature taken hourly for 
two weeks of the animals in three herds taken by Howe and Ryder 
were 102.5°, 102.6°, and 101° F. respectively. 
In a well kept Government herd that was tested with tuberculin, 
the temperature of part of the animals was taken hourly for 24 and 
part of them for 16 hours preceding the injection. An examination of 
the records* shows the average daily variation of 20 animals in which 
the temperature was taken for 24 hours to be 2.31°F. The maximum 
individual variation in a single day was 4.3° F., the minimum 0.5° F. 
In 25 other animals where the temperature was taken for 16 hours, 
the average variation was 1.79° F. In these the maximum variation 
was 3.2° F., the minimum 0.6° F. Ten healthy animals (did not 
react to tuberculin) in the same herd gave an average variation of 
2.08° F. In these the maximum daily variation was 4.1° F., the 
minimum 1° F, The lowest temperature was usually, but not 
*Bulletin No. 7, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D.C. The tests were made by Drs. F. L. Kilborne and E. C. Schroeder, 
under the direction of Dr. Theobald Smith. 
