182 AVIAN TUBERCULOSIS 
sheep that I have examined proved not to be tuberculosis but the 
“nodular disease’’ caused by an animal parasite (Oesophagostoma 
columbianum). A few cases, however, have been reported. 
Tuberculosis in dogs and cats is quite rare but several cases in each 
genus are on record. Schlesinger reports a case of miliary tuberculo- 
sis in a dog with ulcerative endocarditis. Blair has reviewed the litera- 
ture on this subject and given the results of his investigations. 
Fic. 42. SPLEEN HORSE SHOWING TUBERCLES NATURAL SIZE 
AVIAN TUBERCULOSIS 
History. In America, tuberculosis in fowls was described in 1900 
by Pernot in Oregon and Burnett in northern New York. In 1903 
Moore and Ward found the disease in California, where in certain 
flocks it was very destructive. It was recognized by the owners as 
“spotted liver,” going light, and rheumatism. In Europe it has been 
known for many years. There is an extensive literature on this 
subject. 
Symptoms. The symptoms that are quite constant are emacia- 
tion, which in advanced cases becomes extreme, and anemia. The 
comb, skin, and visible mucosa about the head are usually pale. As 
the course of the disease advances the feathers become ruffled and the 
