270 ACTINOBACILLOSIS 
11. Prrroncrto. Uber den Actinomyces bovis und die Sarkome der Rinder. 
Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Tiermedizin, Bd. V (1879), S. 33. 
12. Puscu. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Lungenaktinomykose. Archiv. fiir 
wissenschaftl. und prakt. Tierheilkunde, Bd. TX (1883), S. 447. 
13. Satmon. Report upon investigations relating to the treatment of lumpy- 
jaw, or actinomycosis, in cattle. Bulletin No. 2, U. 8S. Bureau of Animal Industry, 
1893. 
14. Satmon. Actinomycosis or lumpy-jaw. Annual report, Bureau of Animal 
Industry, 1893-4, p. 88. 
15. Srotps. Uber Aktinomykose der Lymphdriisen bei amerikanischen Rindern. 
Zeitschrift fiir Fleisch- und Milchhygiene, Bd. XVII (1907), 5. 339. 
16. Wricut. The biology of the microdrganism of actinomycosis. The Jour. of 
Med. Research, Vol. XIII (1905), p. 349. 
ACTINOBACILLOSIS 
Synonym. Streptotrichose. 
Characterization. Actinobacillosis is described as an infectious 
disease of cattle caused by an organism which “resembles, in a marked 
degree, the bacterium of fowl cholera,” characterized by its clinical 
resemblance to actinomycosis in forming “rosette” or ray-like forms 
in the tissue. Some workers consider it a variety of actinomycosis 
while others classify it as a distinct disease. 
History. Ligniéres and Spitz described, in 1902, a disease in cattle 
resembling actinomycosis but which was caused by a bacterium. 
Until 1900-01 this affection was not differentiated from actinomy- 
cosis. Nocard, in 1902, identified the disease in France. In 1904, 
Higgins described four cases in Canada. A number of European 
writers refer to it as Aktinobacillose, an atypical actinomycosis. 
Geographical distribution. It is reported by Ligniéres and Spitz 
to be epizodtic in Argentine Republic. It has been described in 
France, and in Canada. 
Etiology. This disease is caused, according to its investigators, 
by a bacterium which arranges itself in the tissues in a rosette or ray- 
like appearance.* It is aérobic, facultative anaérobic, non-motile 
and of a variable size, ranging between 1.0 and 1.8 in length and from 
0.4 to 0.64. in breadth. According to Higgins, it has a distinct polar 
arrangement of the protoplasm as observed in the hanging drop 
*The original description of the cause of this disease suggests the possibility of a 
mixed infection. The non-motile organism or form fatal to experimental animals 
and the “rosette” arrangement as found in later lesions, which resembles the actinomy- 
ces rays, give strength to the assumption that there may have been present a septic 
bacterium and actinomyces or nocardia growing together. 
