ASPERGILLOSIS 285 
Aspergillosis in sheep. Mazzanti, in 1891, found in the lung of a 
lamb a number of nodules. These varied in size from a poppy seed 
to that of a hemp seed and were scattered throughout the lung. They 
were surrounded by a zone of hepatization. Upon examination he 
found the nodules to contain a purulent substance in which were 
spores and mycelia radiating outward from the air cells. He did 
not positively identify the fungus. 
Aspergillosis in horses. Rivolta, in 1856, mentioned the invasion 
of the sinuses of the head and lungs of a horse with a fungus. 
Later he described other cases and gave the name Gutturomycosis 
to the disease and Gutturomyces equi to the fungus. Mazzanti, in 
1902, reported a case of this infection. Pneumomycoses have been 
reported in horses by Martin. Varnell and Mitchell reported an 
outbreak among horses due to eating oats covered with an Aspergil- 
lus. They obtained fatal results from feeding aspergillosed oats to 
healthy horses. 
Symptoms. The symptoms depending upon the location of the 
lesions are those of sore-throat, stomatitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia 
due to foreign bodies. Unless there is inflammation of the lungs 
there is usually no rise of temperature. There is depression and 
disinclination to move. Because of the soreness of the throat little 
food is taken and loss of flesh follows. If the lungs are involved the 
symptoms of foreign body or gangrenous pneumonia are exhibited. 
Lesions. The lesions vary according to the seat of infection. If 
on the mucous membranes of the pharynx or guttural pouches, the 
membranes are swollen, contain muco-pus and are either light greyish 
or dark in color. Slightly raised patches may appear which resemble 
those of diphtheritic false membranes. They are composed of 
mycelia and spores of A. fumigatus, bacteria and inflammatory prod- 
ucts. If the lungs are involved there are scattered throughout them 
areas of consolidated lung tissue, varying in size from 0.5 to 10 or 
more centimeters in diameter. The center of the nodules may be 
purulent or caseous depending upon their age. Sections of the nod- 
ules show the fungus on microscopic examination. Hoare described 
nodules in the liver and kidney containing the fungus with parenchy- 
matous degeneration of the organs. 
Diagnosis. Aspergillosis is to be diagnosed by finding the fungus 
or the spores in swabs from the throat and from the symptoms and 
