286 ASPERGILLOSIS 
lesions. The pulmonary form may be diagnosed by finding the 
fungus in the tracheal discharges and by finding the fungus in the 
lesions after post mortem. It is to be differentiated from strangles, 
influenza and other forms of pharyngeal trouble. 
Aspergillosis in the dog. Rivolta, in 1885, observed in the organs 
of a dog what he called “Encephaloid sarcomata” containing filaments 
interlaced in various directions. He called the fungus Muromyces 
canis familiaris. Stazzi found A. fumigatus in a dog which suffered 
from epileptiform convulsions and which on post mortem showed 
brownish patches in the inferior turbinated bone which consisted of 
fungi and inflammatory products. 
Aspergillosis is liable to be found in any species of mammals. The 
work of Lucet on this fungus in domestic animals indicates that it is 
of much more etiological significance than is generally believed. 
Any lesions of an unknown, undetermined nature should be carefully 
examined for the presence of this fungus. 
Aspergillosis in birds. Aspergillosis in birds was first observed by 
Mayer in 1815, who found the bronchi and air sacs of a jay filled 
with this fungus and inflammatory products resulting from it. Since 
that time a large number of workers have described lesions in birds 
and fowls due to a fungus. Lucet gives a list of over 40 recorded 
observations on the pathogenesis of aspergillosis in birds. The 
disease is usually local and its manifestations vary according to the 
location and extent of the infection. In many cases it runs a very 
short and apparently harmless course while in others it is more 
chronic. If the lesions are extensive, the fowls become anemic, 
‘emaciated and die as a result of mechanical interference such as an 
occlusion of the trachea or from exhaustion. It is more fatal to the 
young than adult and older birds. The lesions are sometimes found 
in the nasal passages, air sinuses of the long bones, in the connective 
tissue about the joints, in the mouth, trachea, esophagus and internal 
organs. They appear either as a membraneous growth on the sur- 
faces or in the form of nodules. The nodules vary considerably in 
size and contain a caseous center, surrounded by a reactionary zone. 
The fungus is found within the nodules. 
Mohler and Buckley described a case of this affection in the lung 
of a flamingo which died at the National Zodlogical Park in Washing- 
ton. In this case the bird was very much emaciated. The lungs 
presented lesions suggesting those of tuberculosis in their general 
