INFECTIOUS ENTERO-HEPATITIS 325 
Diagnosis. This disease is to be diagnosed by the lesions and 
finding the specific organism in sections of the diseased ceca and liver. 
It is to be differentiated from certain local affections of the cecum, 
not especially uncommon in turkeys,* and coccidiosis. The lesions 
in the liver and the presence of the microparasite, as previously 
described, are sufficient to differentiate this disease. 
Prevention. The present knowledge of this disease shows that the 
parasite is transmitted directly from diseased to healthy turkeys. 
This suggests that the first precaution is to avoid the transfer of 
diseased or seemingly healthy turkeys from a diseased flockin to a 
healthy one. The discovery of Chester indicates that a like precau- 
tion must be taken with reference to fowls. If the disease exists the 
best, although most radical, method as suggested by Smith is the 
total destruction of the affected flock, thorough disinfection of the 
roosts and droppings under the same, and the introduction of healthy 
turkeys. Curtice found the eggs do not carry the protozoa and that 
the specific organism is easily killed by drying. 
REFERENCES 
1. Cuester. Report of the bacteriologist of the Del. College Agric. Exp. Station, 
1899-1900. (C. reports disease in chickens). 
2. Curtice. Notes on experiments with blackhead of turkeys. Circular No. 119. 
Bureau of Animal Industry, 1907. 
3. CusHman. Nature of blackhead in turkeys. Report R. Island Agric. Exp. 
Station, 1894, p. 199. 
4. Hapuey. Blackhead in turkeys: a study in avian coccidiosis. Bulletin 141. 
Agric. Exp. Station, R. I. State College, Kingston, 1910. 
5. Jowsrr. Epizodtic pneumo-pericarditis in the turkey. Journ. Comp. Path. 
and Therap., Vol. XXI (1908), p. 324. 
6. Laveran ann Lucer. Deux hématozoaires de la perdrix et du dindon. Aca- 
démie des Sciences, 1905. 
7. Mutxs. A preliminary report on some diseases of chickens. Bulletin No. 108, 
Agric. Exp. Station of La., Baton Rouge, 1908. 
8. Moors. The direct transmission of infectious entero-hepatitis in turkeys. 
Circular No. 5, Bureau of Animal Industry, 1896. 
9. Muscrave aNp Ciecc. Amebas: Their Cultivation and Etiologic Signifi- 
cance. Bulletin No. 18. Bureau of Government Laboratories, Manila, 1903-4. 
10. Prrnor. Disease of turkeys (Infectious entero-hepatitis). Bulletin No. 95. 
Oregon Agric. Exp. Station, 1907. 
11. Ssmrx. Infectious entero-hepatitis in turkeys. Bulletin No. 8, U. S. Bureau 
of Animal Industry, 1895. 
12. Woottey. The pathology of intestinal amcebasis. Pub. Bureau of Gov. 
Laboratories, No. 32. Manila, P. I. 
*Zarn (Deutsche Zeit. f. Thiermed., Bd. X (1883), p. 189) has described a cecal disease 
in water fowls and turkeys and von Ratz has described a cecal disease in turkeys in 
which the liver lesions seem to be absent. 
