334 TEXAS FEVER 
there may be hemoglobinuria. Smith and Kilborne found it in 33 
out of 46 fatal cases in which urine was found in the bladder. The 
passing of the colored urine before death was noted in but four of their 
cases. In one animal which showed hemoglobinuria four days before 
death, the urine in the bladder was clear at post-mortem. As this 
condition seems to depend upon the rapidity of the destruction of the 
red blood corpuscles, a slow disintegration may enable other organs to 
dispose of the coloring matter, while in rapid destruction of the blood 
much of it may be thrown into the urine. The urine contains small 
quantities of albumin. At first the specific gravity may be high but 
later it ranges from 1010 to 1020 and fails to effervesce with acids. 
The color varies according to the quantity of hemoglobin. As a rule 
there is marked constipation, loss of appetite and usually cessation 
of rumination during the high fever. The blood is thin and pale. 
The high temperature, 
8 0 hemoglobinuria and thin- 
9° 90 ness of the blood are quite 
@ 66 « diagnostic symptoms of 
G5 G the acute type. 
The course may vary, 
but the continuous high 
Fic. 82. EGGS AND YOUNG TICK, JUST HATCHED. temperature does not us- 
(Smith). 
ually last for more than 
ten days. Death often intervenes in from five to eight days. 
In the mild, nonfatal or chronic type which was first pointed 
out by Smith and Kilborne and which occurs in the late sum- 
mer or autumn, the general symptoms are similar to those of 
the acute type except that they are not so severe and are prolonged 
for a greater length of time. The parasite is of spherical or coccus 
form. The general symptoms are not manifested unless the tempera- 
ture goes above 103° F. Hemoglobinuria is not observed in this type. 
Cattle which have passed through an acute type owing to the heated 
season may have a relapse in the form of a mild type in the fall. The 
essential difference between the two types is found in the different 
stages of the parasite circulating in the blood.* Unless the tempera- 
*Theiler has differentiated this form of the parasite from P. bigeminum and placed 
it in a new genus Anaplasma of which he has two species, A. centrale and A. marginale. 
He also holds Anaplasma to be an organism reduced by parasitism, having lost its 
“originelles”’ and its plasma so that phylogenetically it represents one of the oldest of 
