342 CANINE MALARIA 
23. Paquin. Texasfever. Bulletin No.11. Mo. Agric. Exper. Station, 1890. 
24. Sammon. Contagious diseases of animals. Special report No. 22, Washington, 
D.C. 
25. Satmon. Report Commissioner of Agriculture, 1881-2. 
26. Satmon. Annual Reports, Bureau of Animal Industry, 1884-5. 
27. ScarozpER. Inoculation to produce immunity from Texas fever in Northern 
cattle. Ibid. 1898,p.273. 
28. ScHromper. Notes on cattle tick and Texas fever. Annual Report of the 
Bureau of Animal Industry, 1905, p. 49. 
29. ScHROEDER AND Corton. The Persistence of Texas fever organism in blood 
of southern cattle. Ibid., p. 71. 
30. Smrru. Preliminary observations on the microérganism of Texas fever. The 
Medical News, 1889. 
31. SmrrH anp Kirporne. Texasfever. Bulletin No. 1, Bureau of Animal Indus- 
try, U. 8. Dept. Agriculture, 1893. ‘ 
32. SmatH AND Kitporne. Annual Report, Bureau of Animal Industry, 1891-2. 
(Issued 1893). 
33. Sriuus. Report New York State Board of Health, 1868. 
34. Srocxman. Some points to be considered in connection with Rhodesian red- 
water. Jour. Comp. Path. and Therap., Vol. XVIII (1905), p. 64. 
35. Turrter, Gray AnD Power. Diseases transmitted by ticks; their classifica- 
tion, treatment and eradication. Tenth International Vet. Cong., London, 1914. 
36. THEILER AND StockMAN. Some observations and experiments in connection 
with Tropical bovine piroplasmosis (East-coast-fever or Rhodesian Redwater). Jour. 
Comp. Path. and Therap., Vol. XVII (1904), p. 193. 
37. VINCENHELLER. Cattle tick eradication in northwestern Arkansas. Bulletin 
No. 98, Ark. Agr. Expr. Station, 1907. 
CANINE MALARIA 
Synonyms: Piroplasmosis of dogs; malignant malarial jaundice; 
malign ant jaundice in the dog; tick fever. 
Characterization. This disease is characterized by a high tempera- 
ture, rapid course, jaundice and anemia. These are due to the inva- 
sion of the blood with Piroplasma canis. 
History. In 1895, Piana and Galli-Valerio found the piroplasma 
in the blood of dogs in Italy. In 1899, Hutcheon described a malarial 
fever in dogs that could be transmitted by inoculation subcutaneously 
with the infected material. Koch found the disease in Africa, and 
Celli mentions a modified form of the affection in Lombardy. In 1901 
Nocard and Almy reported several cases of piroplasmosis in dogs 
presented at the clinic of the Alfort Veterinary school. Robertson 
described the disease under the name of malignant jaundice and 
pointed out its transmission by the dog tick (Haemaphysalis leachi). 
In 1902, Nocard and Motas reported an experimental study of the 
specific parasite. More recently Nuttall and Graham-Smith have 
investigated this affection. 
