348 ICTERO-HEMATURIA IN SHEEP 
color. The muscles are reddish brown. All of the tissues are anemic. 
The spleen is very large. Theiler has found the spleen to be twice the 
normal size. The lymphatic glands, especially those of the spleen, 
liver and kidneys, are tumefied and often hemorrhagic. The liver is 
yellowish in color and engorged with blood. The bile capillaries are 
distended. The mucosa of the digestive tract is pale, or sprinkled 
with reddish areas. The glands in the thorax are enlarged and 
infiltrated with a gelatinous substance. Occasionally there are 
ecchymoses on the lungs and heart. The heart muscle, pericardium 
and valves are frequently infiltrated with a gelatinous substance. The 
blood clots are soft. The exuded serum is of a yellowish brown color. 
The parasites are found in all parts. Death usually follows an acute 
attack. 
Diagnosis. Equine malaria is to be diagnosed by its symptoms, 
lesions and the finding of its specific organism. It is to be differen- 
tiated from Brustseuche, nagana, and anthrax. In the last two 
named diseases the finding of the specific organisms will determine the 
diagnosis. The finding of the piroplasma will distinguish: it from 
Brustseuche. It may be mistaken for influenza. 
REFERENCES 
1. -Bownity. Equine piroplasmosis or “biliary fever.”” The Jour. of Hygiene, 
Vol. V (1905), p. 7. 
2. Daun. Piroplasmosis of the donkey. Jour. of Comp. Path. and Therap., Vol. 
XVI (1903), p. 312. 
3. Gueuietmi. Un caso di malaria del cavallo. Clinica Veterinaria, 1899, p. 220. 
4. Laveran. Contribution & l’étude de Piroplasma equi. Comp. R. de la 
Société de Biologie, 1901, p. 385. 
5. Ricxmann. Stidafrikanische Pferdesterbe. Berliner thierarzl. Wochenschrift, 
1902, S. 4. 
6. Tuerter. Die Pferde-malaria. Thése de Berne. Schwetzer-Archiv fiir Thier- 
heilkunde, 1901, S. 253. 
7. Tuetter. Further notes on piroplasmosis of the horse, mule and donkey. 
Jour. Comp. Path. and Therap., Vol. XVII (1905), p. 229. 
ICTERO-HEMATURIA IN SHEEP 
Synonyms. Piroplasmosis of sheep; carceag; hemoglobinuria in 
sheep; Babesiosis. 
Characterization. This is an enzodtic disease characterized by a 
rise of temperature with chill, and later icterus and marked changes 
in the blood due to a specific parasite (Piroplasma ovis) invading its 
red blood corpuscles. Goats are said to suffer from this infection. 
