352 RED WATER (BRITISH) | 
as sharply circumscribed blue colored spheres containing point or 
comma-shaped chromatin granules or they are covered by such. 
Diagnosis. This disease is to be diagnosed by its symptoms,,. 
lesions and finding its specific organism. It is to be differentiated 
from the other piroplasmoses, especially those caused by P. mutans 
and P. bigeminum. 
Lichtenfeld describes a pseudo-coast fever, a disease in African 
cattle due to P. mutans. 
Prevention. The disease can be kept out of uninfected territory 
by eliminating the tick by means of dipping or spraying. The 
infected pastures are rendered safe in eighteen months, during which 
time the eattle are to be kept entirely off. Horses, goats or sheep may 
pasture upon it. 
REFERENCES 
1. Franca. Quelques considérations sur le genre Theileria et description d’ un: 
nouvelle espéce de ce genre (Theileria stordii). Centralbl. f. Bakl., Bd. LX VII (1913), 
p. 17. 
2. GonperR. The life cycle of Theileria parva: The cause of East Coast fever in. 
cattle in South Africa. Journ. of Comp. Path. and Therap., Vol. XXIII (1910), p. 328. 
RED WATER (BRITISH) 
Synonyms. Bovine piroplasmosis; black water; red murrain: 
May disease; moor-ill; bovine hemoglobinuria. 
Characterization. Red Water (British) is an enzodtic hemoglobi- 
nuria of cattle due to Piroplasma bovis (Craig). It affects cattle on 
the British Isles. 
Geographical distribution. This disease is described from South- 
west England, and many parts of Scotland and in Ireland. It is said 
to be most common in low-lying, rough pastures such as moors (hence 
the local name, moor-ill) and on lands in the neighborhood of woods. 
If the farms on which the disease exists are subjected to tillage, the 
trouble disappears. 
Etiology. According to Craig, this disease is due to Piroplasma 
bovis of which he distinguishes two forms according to their size, the 
large form being identical with P. bigeminum, the small form occupy- 
ing only a very small portion of the red corpuscle. This is by far the 
more common in Ireland. It is transmitted by inoculation and the 
tick. The ticks are Ixodes ricinus the common species, and Haemo- 
physalis punctata, found in the south of England. M’Fadyean and. 
