RED WATER (BRITISH) 353 
Stockman have described a new piroplasma which they obtained from 
a bull inoculated with blood taken from a case of clinical red water 
and which they designate Piroplasma divergens. 'They were able to 
transmit this parasite direct by inoculation. 
The period of incubation, after inoculation, is said to vary from 4 to 
12 days. When cattle are placed in infected pastures the symptoms 
appear in about two weeks, when the exposure is made in the spring 
and autumn. Sometimes the symptoms do not appear for months. 
Symptoms. The symptoms are said to resemble somewhat closely 
those of Texas fever. The disease occurs chiefly in animals at pas- 
ture. Young calves appear to be more resistant. It rarely attacks 
animals under three months of age. 
The duration of the disease varies. In acute cases death may occur 
in from 3 to 4 days. In the more chronic forms it is protracted for 
one or two weeks. If recovery sets in the bowels act freely, the urine 
clears up and the animal begins to eat and ruminate. The parasites 
decrease rapidly in number. It is not a very fatal disease. 
Morbid anatomy. The post mortem appearances are not unlike 
those found in Texas fever. It is diagnosed by finding the specific 
organism. It is prevented by keeping the animals away from tick 
infested pastures. : 
Inoculation against red water. In Germany, Kossel, Schutz, 
Weber and Miessner recommended for the inoculation against 
piroplasmosis, the employment of sterile, defibrinated blood from 
calves that had recovered from the disease at least 50 days and the 
protective inoculation should be carried out from four to six weeks 
before the animals are turned out to pasture. 
“The directions issued with the inoculation material (which is 
prepared at the pathological institute of the veterinary school in 
Berlin) direct that the process should be carried out by veterinary 
surgeons, and previous to the animals being sent to grass, that is, 
about the month of March. Cows in an advanced stage of pregnancy 
or diseased animals should not be injected. The defibrinated blood 
constituting the inoculation material retains its properties for eight 
days, and should be kept in a cool, dark place. Before use it should 
be cautiously shaken; bottles when once opened should be used up 
on the same day. In carrying out the operation an area on the side 
of the neck about the size of a cheese plate should be shaven, cleansed, 
and dried. All syringes must be boiled before each injection. Disin- 
