358 TRYPANOSOMA 
forms have been observed by a number of workers. Rodet and 
Vallet state that Tr. brucei multiply principally in the blood and 
lymph. There is a difference of opinion concerning the agglutination 
of trypanosomata. Musgrave and Clegg state as a result of their 
researches that the so-called phenomenon of agglutination is of no 
value from a diagnostic point of view, and it is too uncertain, if it is a 
reaction, to serve as an index of immunity or susceptibility. 
Distribution in the body. It is the opinion of most students 
of the trypanosomiases that in the infected animal the parasites are 
found in all of the body juices, and are not present at the same time 
in great numbers in one part, with but few in another. Animals 
having many parasites in the blood when killed show them also in the 
organs; and if they are not demonstrable in a microscopic examination 
of the one they will not appear in the other. The blood of animals 
suffering from the disease is nearly always infectious by animal 
inoculation, although the parasites may not be found microscopically 
at the time. Martini, however, regards the spleen, lymphatics, bone 
marrow, and to a less extent, the liver and kidneys, as the places for 
the destruction of trypanosoma. It has been found that trypano- 
somata injected into the peritoneal cavity multiply considerably 
before they enter the blood. 
Disappearance after death. Trypanosomata disappear very sud- 
denly after the death of the host. Within two hours signs of degener- 
ation begin; the parasites shrink, assume irregular shapes and then 
disappear. Motile forms are rarely found after two hours. 
Distribution in nature. Trypanosomata are not known to exist in 
nature outside of the bodies of living animals. They have been 
found in the blood of a number of species of mammals, birds, fish and 
amphibians, where for the most part they seem to lead a harmless life. 
A few species, however, are pathogenic for animals and man. They 
have been kept alive in blood or salt solution for a few hours. Novy 
has succeeded in cultivating them, 7. e., getting them to multiply in an 
artificial culture medium. 
Historical sketch. There is a voluminous literature on the trypano- 
soma from which the following brief summary was taken. In 1841, 
Valentin discovered hematozoa in trout (Salmo fario) and in 1842, 
Glugge found them in the blood of frogs. In 18438, Gruby observed 
a flagellate infusorium in frogs which he named Tr. sanguinis. Gruby 
has generally been credited with the discovery of these forms. From 
