360 TRYPANOSOMA 
In 1902, Bruce and Laveran independently published articles in 
which they credit Theiler with the discovery of a new trypanosoma 
of cattle in South Africa. They each proposed the name Tr. theilert. 
In 1901, Smith and Kinyoun described a parasite which had been 
observed by Jobling in the blood of a sick horse in Manila. Later in 
the year Smith described it as Tr. Evanst. 
Trypanosomiasis. Salmon and Stiles introduced the term 
trypanosomiasis to describe an infection with parasites belonging to 
the flagellate family Trypanosomide. The term is analogous to 
teniasis and coccidiosis. There are a number of different trypanoso- 
miases now recognized, being caused by different species of trypano- 
soma. Among these the following may be mentioned: 
Surra. A disease of equines, camels, elephants and certain other 
animals in India, caused by Tr. evansi. Rats, mice, dogs, monkeys and 
cattle are susceptible to inoculations with the blood of animals suffer- 
ing with surra. It occurs naturally in the horsekind, cattle and 
camels. , 
Nagana, nygana or tsétsé-fly disease of Africa. A disease affecting 
cattle, horses, mules, and according to Laveran and Mesnil, with few 
exceptions, all mammals are susceptible. It is caused by Trypano- 
soma bruce?. 
Dourine or mal du coit of Algiers, France and Spain. It attacks 
the horse and the ass in particular, but may be transmitted to the 
dog, rabbit and in certain cases to the rat and mouse by inoculation. 
It is caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum. 
Mal de caderas of South America. This is a serious disease of 
horses, asses, cattle, hogs and certain other animals. It is caused by 
T. equinum. 
Rat trypanosomiasis caused by T. lewist. By some authors this 
parasite is alleged to be identical with the horse surra organism, but it 
is quite certain that rats may harbor a distinct species. Until the 
results of further investigations are recorded it is deemed best to 
consider these as distinct infections. Musgrave and Clegg conclude 
that proof sufficient to establish the individuality of the Trypanosoma 
causing trypanosomiases in domestic animals has not yet been ad- 
vanced. These authors consider the trypanosoma found in domesti- 
cated animals in the Philippine Islands as Tr. evansi. 
It is important to note the observation of Musgrave and Clegg that 
“in all the forms of trypanosomiasis the infection seems to involve 
particularly the genitalia, the skin, and the organs of special sense. 
