MAL DE CADERAS 379 
4. Evans. On a horse disease in India known as “surra,” probably due to a 
Heematozoon. Vet. Jour., Vol. XIII (1881). 
5. Hassauu. Bibliography of surra and allied trypanosomatic diseases. Bulletin 
No. 42, U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry, 1902, p. 131. 
6. Hoimes. Evolution of the trypanosoma evansi. Journ. of Comp. Path. and 
Therap., Vol. XVII (1904), p. 210. 
7. Kantuack, Duruam anp Buianprorp. On nagana or tsetse fly disease. 
Report made to the tsetse fly committee of the Royal society, etc. Proc. Royal Soc., 
London, Vol. LXIV, p. 100. 
8. Linaarp. Report on horse surra. 1898. (Bombay). 
9. Mertzmatn. The mechanical transmission of surra by Tabanus_ striatus. 
Bulletin No. 28, Bur. of Agric., P. 1., 1913. 
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followed by prompt eradication. Cir. 169, U. 8. Dept. of Agric., B. A. I.. 1911. (See 
also Bulletin No. 42 or 18th Ann. Rept. of the Bureau). 
11. Muserave anp Ciece. Trypanosoma and Trypanosomiasis, with special 
reference to surra in the Philippine Islands. No. 5, Bureau of Government Laboratories, 
Manila, 1903. 
12. Nocarp. Sur les rapports qui existent entre la dourine et le surra ou le nagana. 
Comp. rend. Soc. de Biol., Vol. LIII (1901), p. 465. 
13 Prase. Surratrypanosoma in cattle. Jour. of Comp. Path. and Therap., Vol. 
XVII (1905), p. 222. 
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known as “‘surra’’ affecting horses and mules in India. Vet. Jour., Vol. XXXII (1891). 
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Bureau of Animal Industry, 1892. 
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Bakteriologie u. Parasit., Bd. XXX (1902), p. 545. 
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Army Pathological Laboratory, Manila, Oct. 17, 1901. 
18. Sreen. On relapsing fever of equines. Vet. Jour., Vol. XXIT (1886). 
19. Sreev. Report upon an obscure and fatal disease among transport mules in 
British Burma. 1885. 
MAL DE CADERAS 
Synonyms: Caderas; flagellosis of equide. 
Characterization. Mal de caderas (disease of the rump) is a disease 
essentially of the horse kind, characterized by an intermittent fever, a 
progressive paralysis of the posterior parts, rapid emaciation and 
death. It is a “wet weather” disease, as it is reported to almost 
entirely disappear in the dry season. Horses, mules, and asses suffer 
from natural infection. It is inoculable into many species. 
History. Rebourgeon studied this disease in 1889. He made a 
bacteriological investigation into its cause without success. Leclerc 
described it clinically in 1899. He believed that he had found its 
pathogenic bacterium. In 1901, Elmassian showed that this disease 
was caused by one of the trypanosomata. Voges and Ligniéres con- 
firmed his discovery. 
