394 RABIES 
absence of provocation, they may be entirely wanting. If excited it 
howls, rushes upon objects that are thrust toward it or throws itself 
against the bars of its cage and bites with great fury. 
As death approaches the animal becomes exhausted and is scarcely 
able to stand. The eyes are dull and sunken and the expression is 
that of pain and despair. Paralysis appears in the jaws or in the 
posterior extremities and extends rapidly to other parts of the body. 
The animal, being unable to stand, lies extended upon its side, the 
respiration becoming more and more difficult. There are spasmodic 
contractions of certain groups of muscles, complete prostration and 
finally death. 
Dumb rabies. When this form of the disease is typical, it comes on 
with restlessness, depression, a tendency to lick objects and paralysis 
of the muscles which close the jaws. As a consequence of the paraly- 
sis, the lower jaw drops, the animal is unable to close the mouth, the 
tongue hangs out and an abundance of saliva escapes. The mucous 
membrane of the mouth becomes dry, discolored and covered with 
dust. The animal remains quiet, it does not respond to calls and 
appears to understand its helplessness. Bouley states that the ani- 
mal cannot bite and does not desire to bite. When dumb rabies 
follows the furious form, the desire and tendency to bite may be 
retained even after the jaw is paralyzed. 
The urine usually contains sugar. During the period of excitement 
the temperature is raised. Later it becomes subnormal. The con- 
traction of the pupil has been reported to be a very constant symptom. 
The symptoms in horses and cattle vary but in the main they do 
not differ materially from those in the dog. There is more tendency 
to irritate the local wound than in dogs. Cattle are also more liable 
to rub their nose on the ground or against fences. A great variety of 
symptoms have been described. 
The duration of the disease varies. It may be 4 or 5 days or it may 
be as short as 2 or as long as 13 days. It is usually shorter in its dumb 
form. 
The prognosis is unfavorable. Most animals die unless they have 
had prophylactic treatment. Pasteur and others have, however, 
noted recovery in a few dogs. 
Morbid anatomy. One of the striking characteristics of rabies is 
the absence of constant, recognizable lesions. The mucosa of the 
pharynx and larynx are congested. In dogs the stomach sometimes 
contains a variety of foreign matter such as earth, stones, bits of 
