RINDERPEST 409 
of points or streaks. Erosion ulcers are quite constant. They are 
more numerous when the congestion is marked. They occur most 
frequently on the edge of the folds of the mucous membrane. 
The glands (peptic and mucous) of the stomach are swollen and 
show considerable cellular hypertrophy. Like changes are present 
in the small intestine, where there is a good deal of swelling and con- 
gestion of the mucous membrane with isolated scab-like caseous 
deposits and erosions. In very severe cases these deposits form tube- 
like casts of the intestinal canal. At the same time there may be 
considerable infiltration of the solitary glands and of Peyer’s patches, 
which become enlarged. Jobling states that he never saw them 
ulcerated. Frequently the walls of the stomach and duodenum are 
swollen and edematous. 
In the large intestine the inflammatory changes are much less pro- 
nounced. The cecum is usually congested and often hemorrhages 
are present. Congestion and erosions may be found about the ileo- 
cecal valve. The congestion occurs in blotches or in streaks and 
may extend throughout the large intestine. Boynton states that 
peritonitis is constantly present, the exudate usually being of a 
fibrous nature. It is more prevalent over the region of the small 
intestines and fourth stomach. 
The nasal mucous membrane is of a dark red color and covered with 
grayish-yellow, soft scabs. After they are removed, the true tissues 
of the mucous membrane lie bare. Similar changes are found in the 
larynx and trachea, where the deposited masses are frequently purul- 
ent and of a creamy consistence. The lungs are sometimes hyperemic, 
sometimes edematous, hepatized or emphysematous. Pneumothorax 
and subcutaneous emphysema may be present. 
Diagnosis. It is very difficult to diagnose rinderpest from the first 
cases that occur, especially if there is no history of infection. The 
diagnosis is based upon the symptoms, morbid anatomy, progress of 
the epizodtic and the history. The most characteristic diagnostic 
symptoms are the rise in temperature (which often occurs some days 
before other symptoms), formation of red spots and a yellow coating 
on the visible mucous membranes and later the development of 
erosion ulcers. A mucous discharge from the mouth, nares, eyes and 
vagina with symptoms of severe intestinal disturbances and excessive 
emaciation are of diagnostic value. 
Rinderpest is to be differentiated from “foot-and-mouth-disease,” 
and malignant catarrh if complicated with emphysema of the lungs. 
