410 RINDERPEST 
Anthrax, Texas fever, and other affections such as contagious pleuro- 
pneumonia and enteritis may be mistaken for it. The differentiation 
may be made from the specific nature of each disease. 
Immunizing cattle. Koch found that the serum of an animal that 
had suffered from rinderpest and recovered possessed immunizing 
powers. This fact being demonstrated, its utility has been availed of iP 
in immunizing animals for procuring the serum. 
Ward and Wood have carefully tested the immunity induced by 
serum in the Philippine Islands where it was extensively tried. Their 
conclusions were as follows: ““The experiments seem to show that 
antirinderpest serum does not prevent infection with rinderpest. On 
the contrary, animals injected with serum and exposed to rinderpest 
soon contract the disease and pass through a more or less modified 
attack. We have shown that the blood of animals is infective during 
this attack. If by passive immunity is meant an artificial condition 
by means of which the severity of an attack is lessened, we grant that 
such exists, but deny that there is a passive immunity of a kind that 
prevents invasion by the virus of rinderpest.” 
Control. The simultaneous method formerly employed extensively 
seems to be less successful. It does not seem to be used regularly 
except in Russia. Theiler points out the danger from the various 
blood parasites that may be transmitted by this process. 
Arloing, in describing its use’ in Egypt, states that simultaneous 
inoculation had to be abandoned in Egypt because a panic took 
possession of the cattle owners. 
In India the application of simultaneous inoculation to a number of 
susceptible Australian cattle led to disastrous results. A committee 
of investigation brought out the fact that this method is not generally 
employed there outside of laboratories. They recommended that as an 
act of grace the cattle owners be compensated for the loss of their 
stock. . 
Writers treating of rinderpest in Africa attribute to serum the 
property of conferring a lengthy passive immunity to natural infec- 
tions, a belief that must be taken into consideration in estimating the 
part played by serum in its eradication. 
In the Philippines serum was foimerly undoubtedly used with 
the idea that it would absolutely protect. However, quarantine and 
general sanitation were enforced to some degree. 
