412 CONTAGIOUS PLEURO-PNEUMONIA IN CATTLE 
CONTAGIOUS PLEURO-PNEUMONIA IN CATTLE 
Synonyms: Lung plague; pleuro-pneumonia zymotica; pert- 
pneumonie contagieuse; Lungenseuche der Rinder. 
Characterization. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia of cattle is a 
specific epizodtic disease which affects bovine animals and from which 
other species are exempt. When the disease results from exposure 
in the usual manner, it is characterized by an exudative inflammation. 
of the lungs, especially of the interlobular lymph vessels and pleura, 
which is generally extensive and which has a tendency to invade por- 
tions of these organs not primarily affected and to cause death of the 
diseased portion of the lung. It is reported that range cattle resist 
infection more than high bred stable kept animals. 
History. It is stated that contagious pleuro-pneumonia was first 
observed in Hesse in 1693, and that its earliest appearance as an epizo- 
otic was in 1713 and 1714, when it prevailed chiefly in Switzerland and 
the neighboring countries of Wirtemberg, Balden and Alsace. In 
1773, Haller published an essay on this disease. He described its 
symptoms, anatomical characters and the protective measures laid 
down by the sanitary police. In 1735, the disease appeared in 
England and in 1765 in France. It was described in detail that year 
by Bourgelat. From 1790 it spread over the whole of Germany, 
France and Italy. At the commencement of the nineteenth century 
it visited all the countries of Western Europe. 
South Africa was infected by a bull brought from Holland in 1854; 
and Australia received the contagion with an English cow in 1858. 
It is also reported as existing in various parts of the continent of Asia; 
but the time of its first appearance and the extent of its distribution 
are very uncertain. 
Some countries which have been infected for only a short time, such 
as Norway, Sweden and Denmark, have succeeded in eradicating 
the disease without much difficulty by slaughtering all affected and 
exposed animals. Through energetic efforts it has been eradicated 
from a large part of Europe. 
Contagious pleuro-pneumonia has been brought to the United 
States several times. Its first introduction was in a diseased cow sold 
in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1843. It was brought to New Jersey by 
importing affected animals in 1847. Massachusetts was infected in 
the same way in 1859. Massachusetts eradicated pleuro-pneumonia 
during the period from 1860 to 1866. New York and New Jersey 
